This volume analyses the transition of Chinese medicine during the modern era and the development of product and service niches in selective countries: China, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines. Through investigating the major actors behind the transition, this volume explores in what way and to what extent these actors affected the transition process. This volume argues that the transnational transition of Chinese medicine is not only caused by spontaneous cultural and social factors i.e. population growth, technological innovation, and acculturation but also influenced by hegemonic political and economic factors such as western influence, adoption of the philosophy of modern state in Asia, and globalization and commodification of indigenous medical specialties.