1984, is a dystopian social science fiction novel by English novelist George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker &Warburg as Orwells ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically, Nineteen Eighty-Four centres on the consequences oftotalitarianism, mass surveillance, and repressive regimentation of persons and behaviours within society. Orwell, himself a democraticsocialist, modelled the authoritarian government in the novel after Stalinist Russia. More broadly, the novel examines the role of truthand facts within politics and the ways in which they are manipulated.