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The volume begins with what is in common to contemporary phenomenological historians and historiographers. That is the understandings that temporality is the core of human judgment conditioning in its forms how we consciously attend and judge phenomena. For every phenomenological historian or historiographer, all history is an event, a span of time. This time span is not external to the individual, rather forms the content and structure of eve...

When one organizes events over periods of years and gives them an appellation such as "Modernism, " the organization of facts is guided by concepts and values discerned throughout these periods, comparable facts sufficient to call it an "era, " or an "epoch, " or other terms that insist on the shared aspects of those years, regardless of differences seen as well over the span considered. One can call such an effort a "metahistory, " in that wh...

Every nation develops a narrative structure for thinking about history that is generated by its own historical experience. In this study, the German and Austrian-German "historias"-the way narratives of factual significance are structured as the "story" of events-are shown in their sameness from the late 1600s to the present. This "historia" shapes the emphasis of how meaning is articulated among the historians of a society. The author argues ...

Cognition and Temporality: The Genesis of Historical Thought in Perception and Reasoning argues that both verbal grammar and figural grammar have their cognitive basis in twelve characteristic forms of judgment, distributed among individuals in human populations throughout history. These twelve logical forms are context-free and language-free foundations in our attentional awareness and shape all verbal and figural statements. Moreover, these ...

Austro-Marxism: The Ideology of Unity documents the theoretical and political legacy of one of Europe's most influential intellectual currents in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Franz Kafka is among the most significant 20th century voices to examine the absurdity and terror posed for the individual by what his contemporary Max Weber termed "the iron cage" of society. Ferdinand Tonnies had defined the problem of finding community within society for Kafka and his peers in his 1887 book Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Kafka took up this issue by focusing upon the "social discourse" of human relationships. In this book, M...

Franz Kafka is among the most significant 20th century voices to examine the absurdity and terror posed for the individual by what his contemporary Max Weber termed "the iron cage" of society. In this book, Mark E. Blum examines Kafka's three novels, Amerika, The Trial, and The Castle, in their exploration of how community is formed or eroded in the interpersonal relations of its protagonists. Critical literature has recognized Kafka's ability...

Continuity, quantum, continuum, and dialectic are foundational logics of Western historical thought. The historiographical method to discern them is a critique of historical reason. Through 'stylistics' Mark E. Blum demonstrates how the inner temporal experience of the person shapes both judgment and historical action. Blum's work augments the epistemology of Immanuel Kant, Wilhelm Dilthey, and Edmund Husserl. Studies of significant persons fr...

In the brilliant world of Vienna at the turn of the century four men - Karl Renner, Otto Bauer, Max Adler, and Friedrich Adler - sought to develop political and economic resolutions to the racial and cultural tensions that were beginning to strain the bonds of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this highly original study of these Austro-Marxists, Mark E. Blum uses the insights of depth psychology to trace the roots of their political philosophy i...

This volume offers the essential theoretical thought of the Austro-Marxist thinkers Otto Bauer, Max Adler, Karl Renner, Friedrich Adler, Rudolf Hilferding, and Otto Neurath over the span of their Austrian Social-Democratic careers, from the decades before World War I until the mid-1930s.