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A good for the understanding of compost methods and its application on various nature of waste to protect the environment. Composting is the need of time because the solid waste production is increasing day by day and it required an alternative modification method for the control and management of solid waste. The use of compost will save the soil and enhance the growth of the plants. Hope the readers will admire the nature of work for future ...

One hundred cases of various types of angina pectoris in two hospitals of Narowal during September 2008 to January 2009 had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of angina pectoris, and effects of various risk factors. The analysis shows that silent angina pectoris were more prevalent (79%, n=79/100), and painful angina pectoris were less prevalent (21%, n=21/100). About 56% cases reported, belong to the age class 41...

The book reviews how to deal with the workplace stress - air traffic controllers in context, and how to improve the organizational performance. The author concludes that the workplace stress is positively correlated with job satisfaction and job control, and negatively correlated to the health and stress coping strategies with the values of 0.700, 0.856, -0.446, -0.751 respectively. Organizational performance is positively correlated with job ...

Rice is being consumed by large population of the world. It is the leading crop in Asia and more than two billion people depend on rice for more than half the carbohydrates and calories. It is an important food and cash crop of Pakistan and Pakistan is famous all over the world for its good taste aromatic rice. But unfortunately, despite of all the advancements in production technologies a considerable portion of the produce is lost to disease...

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The study was based on SDS-PAGE and PCR-RAPD markers application in evaluating genetic diversity in Nigella sativa L. germplasm.SDS-PAGE revealed narrow genetic variation and eight subunits were observed from the present set of accessions. It can be high if the number of samples or population size increases. Molecular markers like PCR-RAPD technology is considered as a useful tool to detect genetic variation at the DNA level and tagging access...

The composite construction was found to be more economical than Reinforced Concrete Construction. The total weight of super structure was found to be very less for Composite Construction than in case of Reinforced Concrete Construction which will result in lighter footing for same number of stories in Composite Structure or in case of equivalent footing as for Reinforced Concrete Construction, more number of storeys can be added. Construction ...

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), is an aggressive weed it is native to the subtropics of North and South America but now has invaded other continents like Asia, Australia and Africa during the last few decades and is spreading alarmingly. it is the need of time to evaluate this rag weed and to take some solid steps to control it in environmentally and ecologically save ways. this work will be a good contribution towards it distributio...

The study is aimed at the investigation of trade implications for Pakistan in the milieu of globalisation. To this end, it examines the nature and application of WTO and identifies its operative tariff and non-tariff instruments. By doing so, it intends to trace out the place of Pakistan in the world market in comparison to its competitors. The study concludes that the pattern of trade preferences and WTO grants do not necessarily guarantee su...

Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) is a nutritious food legume and is the fourth most important pulse crop in the world.Lentil seed is a rich source of protein, minerals and vitamins for human nutrition and the straw is a valued animal feed. The legumes secrete flavonoids which attract motile rhizobia that attach to the root surface. These bacteria when come in contact with legume roots enhance its growth in a number of ways.Thus integrated use of pla...

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a member of Malvacae family, is called white gold of Pakistan. It ranks first among all the natural fibers and has been playing a vital role in Pakistan's economy. It accounts for 8.6 percent of the value added in agriculture and about 1.8 percent to GDP. The crop is sown on an area of 3075 thousand hectares with production of 13 million bales in 2009-2010 lower by 13 percent over the last year's production. It ...

This review contains historical importance of cryptography, switch from the classical crytopgraphic techniques to quantum cryptography including the examples of Quantum key distribution in Eckert, BB84 and B92 protocols, use of 4 and 6 state photon orientations to increase the security measure and decrease the Eave's dropping probability, The efforts and research that we have made for this review taught us so many aspects, features that we hav...

University-industry research collaboration is an essential, effective and dynamic factor not only for development of social community but also for the development of the nation. Despite the enormous importance of this collaboration, there have been certain problems in successful collaboration, for instance time, trainings, differences in their perceptions, orientations and goals, intellectual property right issues, some other technological com...

Nigella sativa L. has industrial, herbal, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses but has not been adequately characterized for its morpho-physiological traits and yield potential. Considering this a study was designed to conduct field trials on 32 Nigella sativa L. accessions to evaluate and characterize morpho-physiological differences among various accessions, to quantify and compare intra-accession diversity and also to determine relationships am...

Run-Time Reconfigurable Instruction Set Processors are next generation processors, which can optimize their instruction sets according to the demands of the applications being under execution on them. This optimization is achieved through reconfiguration in their hardware on fly. In this way the reconfigurable processors adapt their hardware, which is most suitable one for the running application and consequently they enhance the performance. ...

Inherited night blindness is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous retinal disorders characterized by myopia, hyperopia, strabismus, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity and dry eyes. It is inherited as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked forms. Different genes are involved in night blindness that play an important function in physiology and morphology of human retina. Very few studies have been carried out on autoso...

Chrysoperla carnea, known as the common green lacewing, is an insect in the Chrysopidae family. It is found in many parts of North America, Europe and Asia. The adults feed on nectar, pollen and aphid honeydew but the larvae are active predators and feed on aphids and other small insects. It has been used in the biological control of insectpests on crops. Chrysoperla carnea was originally considered to be a single species with a holarctic dist...

Soils of Pakistan have free CaCO3, alkaline pH and low organic matter. Consequently, nutrient disorders seem among the most critical factors of crop production, particularly in salt-affected soils. The essentially of P and Zn for plants has been established long ago but interaction effects on economic yields of crops are still controversial. Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world. In a pot study on wheat grown on salt-affected so...

Agile software development methodologies are way better than the traditional software development methodologies especially when the teams are small and the environment and customer requirements are constantly changing. Pakistani software industry derives its revenues largely from providing consulting services instead of developing own products. This case especially requires extreme involvement of the customer. Also the software specifications ...

The role of School leadership in managing multiple aspects of a school is widely acknowledged. Out of those areas, managing school discipline has always been a constant challenge for teachers' and head teachers particularly, in higher secondary schools where students pass through their teen ages. This book offers some insights about the problem of discipline management in schools and how to cope with them. It also provides a contemporary liter...