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Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill is one of the oldest crops of the world. Nutritionally, soybean seed has been considered to be the best of all pulses because of its high protein contents. Today, it is the largest source of oil for human consumption as well as protein for livestock feed. This book reviews the soybean crop, its nutritive value, seed description, anatomy and growth, nodulation, complete production technology and various biotic d...

Livestock is an important component of agriculture sector of Pakistan and contributing significantly in its national economy. However, gastrointestinal trematodes parasite especially Paramphistomum cervi is accountable for health hazards in buffalo of central Punjab. In this study prevalence and identification of Paramphistomum cervi was carried out by visiting local abattoirs of Rawalpindi-Islamabad. A total of 289 rumens and reticulum of buf...

The topic of the research was comparative study between PIA and Emirates on service quality and customer satisfaction. The purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between two variables. The sample size of the research was sixty (60). The tool for data collection was a well designed questionnaire. Five point Likert (1-5) scale was used to measure the responses. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Initi...

Quality assurance is the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a project, service or facility to maximize the probability that minimum standards of quality are being attained by the production process. Nestle take motto of Good Food, Good Life very seriously. At every step, from collecting raw materials from rural farmers to distributing finished goods in city supermarkets, it is essential to ensure that consumers enjo...

The Gigantocotyle explanatum, a digenetic termatode parasite infected the liver and bile duct of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The liver and bile duct of a total of 200 buffaloes were examined for the presence of Gigantocotyle explanatum by visiting local abattoirs of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. The histology of trematodes, collected from approximately 50 buffaloes, has been carried out for identification. The results of present study...

The data about the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis of approximately sixty patients was collected by interviewing them at various hospitals in District Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis by different age groups. The analysis shows the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was more in males (55%, n=33/60) as compared to females (45%, n=27/60). Rheumatoid arthritis was mor...

HCC represents the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and accounts for the top three cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. The risk factor associated with HCC include age, sex, alcohol, diet, and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The incidence rate of HCC is plausibly linked to geographic area and geo-economic conditions, it is possible that gene polymorphism may be associated with the risk of HCC....

The data about the prevalence of hypertension of approximately one hundred patients was collected by interviewing them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hypertension by different age groups. The analysis shows the prevalence of hypertension was more in females (64%, n=64/100) as compared to males (34%, n=34/100). Hypertension was more prevalent in age gro...

Livestock is an important component of agriculture sector and contributes colossally in the national economy of Pakistan. Among livestock water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is very important because of its high milk yield to meet the protein requirement of the growing Pakistani population. However, gastrointestinal trematodes parasite especially Gastrothylax crumenifer is a main cause for health hazards in buffalo of central Punjab. In this study...

Birds of prey had a large home range and inhabit areas which were far away from human access. It was difficult to estimate their population as they were distributed over large area. Kites (Milvus migrans) often gathered in large communal roosts during migration and at the site where food was abundant and breeding colonies. The present study was done to estimate the population of kites in Lahore District. Roost Count Method was used for populat...

The data about the major causes of hypertension of approximately one hundred patients of hypertension was collected by interviewing them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hypertension and effects of various causes. The analysis shows that hypertensive patients were more prevalent (60%, n=60/100), and non hypertensive patients were less prevalent (40%, n=4...

A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.This book describes application of various techniques like polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis for the analysis of these complex molecules and for disease diagnosis.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a very serious threat to public health. Frequencies of bacterial resistance are increasing worldwide while very few new antibiotics are being developed. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed.Estimation of the main components of a food using procedures that allows a reasonably rapid and acceptable measurement of various food fractions is known as Proximate Analysis of Food (FDA, 20...

Biofertilizer are microorganism that helps plants to grow by increasing the quantity of nutrients and mainly associated with the plant rhizosphere. Since these fertilizers contain living microorganisms, it increases or promotes the supply of important nutrients. An increasing number of farmers and agriculturists are turning to the use of biofertilizers, as these are gentler on the soil as against chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are ...

Every student of Bachelor Business Administration has an essential requirement to do Six to Eight weeks internship in any of the well reputed organization. The purpose of this program is to acquaint the students with practical applications of theoretical concepts taught to them during conduct of their BBA (Hons) program. The internship in Habib Bank was arranged by the job placement cell of the institute. Really, it was a nice opportunity to h...

The present study was conducted to explain various techniques for the extraction and quantification of nucleic acids and proteins from plant materials. Plant samples were analysed in the laboratory for the extraction of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) using conventional methods and then quantification was done using spectrophotometer. Extraction and quantification of proteins was also done using conventional methods.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects ~ 3% of world population with significant mortalities in developing countries. If HCV disease goes untreated, it can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately death of the patient. Currently in Pakistan, about 5 to 10% of population is infected with HCV. This book provides useful informations about diagnostic, prevalence and drug discovery initiative against HCV genotype-3a (HCV-3a), the most pr...

Fruit juices are used for their nutritional value, thirst quenching properties and stimulating effect or for their medicinal values. Due to poor hygienic conditions during processing and packaging, fruit juices are becoming a health hazard. Many outbreaks are caused by consuming poor quality juices. Food borne infections are caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria and parasites. Most of the food borne infections ...

A sterility test may be defined as - 'a test that critically assesses whether a sterilized pharmaceutical product is free from contaminating microorganisms'. Pharmaceutical products were tested for contamination and the presence of toxins. Various methods were used for this purpose. The objective of this study is to determine whether the pharmaceutical products in the markets are sterile and free of toxins.

Serological tests may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an infection is suspected, in rheumatic illnesses, and in many other situations, such as checking an individual's blood type. Serology blood tests help to diagnose patients with certain immune deficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia. In such cases, tests for antibodies will be consistently negative. There are several serology techni...