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Once, large caravans traversed huge distances to reach Middle Eastern cities whose wealth from long-distance trade, superior architecture, craftsmanship, and scientific knowledge filled Christian crusaders with awe. Europe knew nothing comparable until the late Middle Ages, when the systematic use of waterways made transportation more efficient. From the fourteenth century on, Europe surpassed the Middle East in most of the areas in which that...

Charles Issawi's collection of essays, Cross-Cultural Encounters and Conflicts, has been written in the belief that a study of the past encounters and conflicts between the world's major cultures can shed light on their nature and importance. Though the emphasis is on the Middle East, of whichIssawi is one of our foremost scholars, the subjects covered here range in scope from the great ancient civilizations to Shelley's passion for the Middle...

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This is an unusual collection of laws and aphorisms by Charles Issawi, the renowned economists and Middle East scholar. Professor Issawi has formulated principles on revolution, progress, social science, politics, economics, and Americana, etc in an erudite and humorous way. He is a keen observer of social and historical problems, and his definitions are evocative, to say the least. The more serious reader may find his irony, humour, and tongu...

?Charles Issawi's third attempt to present an economic analysis of modern Egypt will serve once again as an indispensable guide to the scholarly world. . . . Issawi has collected a considerable amount of information from the admittedly difficult and relatively unreliable Egyptian sources. His chapters on agriculture, national income, industry, communications, foreign trade, and finance contain a wealth of statistical information that is not to...

These essays, written over a period of thirty years, crystallise Professor Issawi's insights on Arab civilisation. They cover a wide variety of subjects: cultural and demographic history, economics, and politics -- from the seventh century to the present. About half the book is devoted to the formative period of classical Islamic civilisation, the other half is devoted to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These views give an idea of the ...

In this work, Charles Issawi examines the main reasons for the economic decline of the Middle East. He discusses climate, geography, and religion, with particular emphasis on the military elite, whose contempt for artisans and merchants thwarted positive economic initiatives. The role played by minorities and foreigners throughout the region's history is also examined. Finally, the author compares the economic histories of different Middle Eas...