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The Carmelites, the only contemplative religious order to have been founded in the Crusader States, first emerged as a group of hermits living on Mount Carmel, a site associated with the prophet Elijah. Soon after migrating to the West, in the mid-thirteenth century, they began to develop the geographical associations into a complex historical tradition based on the claim to have been founded by the prophet. Carmelite historical myths were fir...

Crusading and the Crusader States explores how the idea of holy war emerged from the troubled Church of the 11th century, and why Jerusalem and the Holy Land were so important to Europeans. It follows the progress of the major crusading expeditions, offers insights into their continuing failure, and charts the development of new attitudes towards Islam and its followers.

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Crusading and the Crusader States follows the progress of the major crusading expeditions, offers insights into their continuing failure, and charts the development of new attitudes towards Islam and its followers. This new edition takes into account the wealth of rich and varied recent research to demonstrate that crusading should be seen as central to the European experience in the Middle Ages, and engages in the key historiographical debate...

In 1095 Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade to recover Jerusalem from the Seljuq Turks. Tens of thousands of people joined his cause, making it the single largest event of the Middle Ages. The conflict would rage for over 200 years, transforming Christian and Islamic relations forever.Andrew Jotischky takes readers through the key events, focussing on the experience of crusading, from both sides. Featuring textboxes with fascinating detai...

How did medieval hermits survive on their self-denying diet? What did they eat, and how did unethical monks get around the rules?

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