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A satellite altimeter calculates the time taken by a short electromagnetic pulse for completing a round trip. This electromagnetic pulse is emitted from an orbiting spacecraft towards the planetary body and is reflected-off its surface. This instrument also measures the height of the satellite from the surface of the planet. Satellite altimetry can be used to obtain useful data related to ocean science. It also provides novel insights into pla...

Satellite radar altimetry refers to a technique that is used for calculating the vertical distance between a satellite and the nadir surface of the Earth by monitoring the time it takes for radar pulses to travel from the satellite antenna to the surface and back to the altimeter. It enables accurate remote sensing of the topography of the ocean's surface. Satellite altimetry is utilized in geodesy to investigate sea-level variability, tectoni...

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Excerpt from Duty on Coal: Being a Few Facts Connected With the Coal Question, Which Will Furnish Matter for Thought to the Friends of American IndustryThree tons of coal, which one man can mine in ten hours, represent the labor power of a man for his lifetime. Why, then, should we not at once, and as largely as possible, utilize this great power of which we have such inexhaustible stores? Why not avail ourselves of the cooperation of the tens...