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People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes ...

The United States faces a new challenge?maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and ...

This report is the second edition of the 1992 COSEPUP report "Science and Technology Leadership in American Government: Ensuring the Best Presidential Appointments." As was the case with the original report, this report analyzes the federal government's capacity to recruit highly qualified individuals for the top science and technology (S&T, )-related leadership positions in the executive branch and makes appropriate recommendations.

The future security, economic growth, and competitiveness of the United States depend on its capacity to innovate. Major sources of innovative capacity are the new knowledge and trained students generated by U.S. research universities. However, many of the complex technical and societal problems the United States faces cannot be addressed by the traditional model of individual university research groups headed by a single principal investigato...

A report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine.

The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D, program. Included in the assessment were the current st...

This easy-to-read and practical book shows how to bring about the changes recommended in the National Science Education Standards. It provides tools that are needed when putting into practice inquiry-based science in any school district.

The Standing Committee on Defense Materials Manufacturing and Infrastructure (DMMI) convened a workshop on August 6-7, 2014, to discuss related to applying materials state awareness to condition-based maintenance and system life cycle management"--Page 1.

Offers a study on the ethical, legal, and societal issues relating to the research on, development of, and use of rapidly changing technologies with low barriers of entry that have potential military application, such as information technologies, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology.

Although the United States is currently capitalizing on its investment in science and technology effectively, there remains much room for improvement: This volume identifies the ingredients for success in capitalizing on such investments to produce national benefits, assesses current U.S. performance, and identifies future challenges.The book cites specific examples and examines several cross-cutting issues. It explores the possibility that th...

Readily accessible to any interested reader, this volume offers an analysis of the major issues surrounding greenhouse warming and presents the authoring panel's recommendations for U.S. policy. Recommendations address a wide range of issues, including energy policy, deforestation, human population growth, the appropriate role of the United States in an international strategy, and needed research on scientific, economic, and social questions. ...

Careers in Science and Engineering" offers guidance to students on planning careers--particularly careers in nonacademic settings--and discusses how to obtain the education and skills necessary to attain their career goals. Profiles of science engineering professionals illustrate a variety of career paths.

The U.S. academic research enterprise is entering a new era characterized by remarkable opportunities and increased strain. This two-part volume integrates the experiential knowledge of group members with quantitative data analyses in order to examine the status of scientific and technological research in academic settings. Part One reviews the status of the current research enterprise, emerging trends affecting it, and issues central to its f...

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming is the first comprehensive book to lay the groundwork for informed decision-making about global warming. It gives specific advice for U.S. policy while addressing the need for an international response to the potential warming of the planet. The authors analyze the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming, prospects for human, animal, and plant adaptation to rising global temperatures, and option...

In the past 50 years the development of a wide range of medical devices has improved the quality of people's lives and revolutionized the prevention and treatment of disease, but it also has contributed to the high cost of health care. Issues that shape the invention of new medical devices and affect their introduction and use are explored in this volume. The authors examine the role of federal support, the decision-making process behind priva...

This book provides information on Science and Technology Leadership in American Government, Climate change policy, Technology policy and Industrial innovation, Toward more effective health care reform, and Summaries of selected recent reports on the National Research Council.

Childhood cancer is an area of oncology that has seen both remarkable progress as well as substantial continuing challenges. While survival rates for some pediatric cancers present a story of success, for many types of pediatric cancers, little progress has been made. Many cancer treatments are known to cause not only significant acute side effects, but also lead to numerous long-term health risks and reduced quality of life. Even in cases whe...

Nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, often referred to simply as "nanotechnology, " is the understanding, characterization, and control of matter at the scale of nanometers, the dimension of atoms and molecules. Advances in nanotechnology promise new materials and structures that are the basis of solutions, for example, for improving human health, optimizing available energy and water resources, supporting a vibrant economy, raising...

It is not yet 60 years since the first artificial satellite was placed into Earth orbit. In just over a half century, mankind has gone from no presence in outer space to a condition of high dependence on orbiting satellites. These sensors, receivers, transmitters, and other such devices, as well as the satellites that carry them, are components of complex space systems that include terrestrial elements, electronic links between and among compo...

K-8 science education in California (as in many other parts of the country) is in a state of crisis. K-8 students in California spend too little time studying science, many of their teachers are not well prepared in the subject, and the support system for science instruction has deteriorated. A proliferation of overly detailed standards and poorly conceived assessments has trivialized science education. And all these problems are likely to int...