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The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14...

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A study of the status and future of marine biotechnology. It addresses the question of where the federal government should invest its limited funds and what future initiatives should be planned.

This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the c...

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The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures.

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In each year between 1994 and 1996, more than 7, 000 individuals received a Ph.D. in life science, and the number of graduates is rising sharply. If present trends continue, about half of those graduates will have found permanent positions as independent researchers within ten years after graduation. These statistics -- and the labor market situation they reflect -- can be viewed either positively or negatively depending on whether one is a yo...

The unique and fragile nature of environments found in oceanic island systems is well known. Through colonization and evolution, these relatively small land areas have evolved unique biota characterized by small populations, rare forms, and low phylogenetic diversity. Thus, while this report focuses on the challenges posed by preserving one species, the aga ( or Mariana crow ), it reflects the larger issues and challenges of biodiversity conse...

NASA seeks to ensure the health, safety, and functional abilities of astronauts and to prevent the exposure of astronauts to toxic levels of spacecraft contaminants. Consequently, exposure limits need to be established for continuous exposure of astronauts too spacecraft contaminants for up to 180 days (for normal space-station operations) and for short-term (1-24 hr) emergency exposures to high levels of contaminants. The SMAC reports are int...

Against the tapestry of severe habitat loss and loss of biological diversity, the efforts to save a single species, such as the Hawaiian Crow, or 'Alala' might seem to have little importance. However, single-species conservation efforts can be justified on moral, ethical, legal, economic, and scientific grounds, and it is especially important to recognize that programs to save single 'indicator species' can provide a foundation for broader con...

This is the fourth and final volume reviewing EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). After 4 years of review, the authoring committee retains its belief that EMAP's goals are laudable. However, because achieving the goals of this ambitious program will require that EMAP successfully meet the difficult scientific, practical, and management challenges, the committee continues to question whether and how well all these goal...

In the effort to reduce the scientific and technical uncertainties over regulation of airborne particulate matter in the United States, this book, the second in a four-part series requested by Congress, describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), other federal and state government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations.The b...

This report is organized to reflect study of the characteristics of the land and people, elements of environmental and dose modeling, characteristics of potential remediation activities, the applicability of dose limits, and recommendations for post-resettlement monitoring.

This book responds to the need for criteria for dose reconstruction studies and provides specific and practical recommendations for whether, when, and how studies should be conducted. Also included are sections on lessons to be learned from dose reconstructions after Chernobyl and Three Mile Island and the limitations and benefits of biological markers.

Can the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) to which people are routinely exposed cause health effects? This volume assesses the data and draws conclusions about the consequences of human exposure to EMF.

Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect in and among themselves, but, together, can have a cumulative major effect.Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current und...