Pipeline Transportation for Heavy Crude Oil via Oil-in-Wa...
Nour, Abdurahman / Nour, Azhari / Azmin, Nuruul Huda
With the combination of an increase in world energy demand and the decline of conventional oils, heavy crude oils have been presented as a relevant hydrocarbons resource for use in the future. Hydrocarbon resources are very important given that they account for approximately 65% of the world's overall energy resources. Currently, there are three general approaches for transportation of heavy and extra heavy oil: viscosity reduction, drag minim...