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Each year, hundreds of scholars and other enthusiasts mark the anniversary of the Gettysburg Address by gathering together in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania for the Lincoln Forum. There, leading historians reinterpret and rediscover the legacy of Abraham Lincoln. Now the best recent Lincoln Forum essays are available in one volume, offering important reexaminations of Lincoln as military leader, communicator, family man, and icon.

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Notified of his nomination for a second term in June, 1872, Ulysses S. Grant accepted, promising "the same zeal and devotion to the good of the whole people for the future of my official life, as shown in the past." Challenged by a coalition of disaffected Republicans and Democrats led by New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley, Grant was privately optimistic about his own chances. "There has been no time from the Baltimore Convention to this w...

Inaugurated for a second term on March 4, 1873, Ulysses S. Grant gave an address that was both inspiring and curiously bitter. He told the assembled crowd, "It is my firm conviction that the civilized world is tending towards republicanism, or government by the people through their chosen representatives, and that our own great republic is destined to be the guiding star to all others." Yet he ended the speech on an almost petulant note: "I ha...

This volume carries Ulysses S. Grant through a brief period of welcome calm to the storms of the White House. Seemingly resigned to becoming president, Grant detached himself from military routine in Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1868 to tour the Great Plains. He then settled in Galena to escape the clamor of the presidential campaign. Grant reveled in his respite from official duties, writing to his father, "I have enjoyed my summers...

In the spring of 1871, Ulysses S. Grant wrote to an old friend that as president he was "the most persecuted individual on the Western Continent". Grant had not sought the office, and halfway through his first term he chafed under its many burdens.Grant's cherished project to annex Santo Domingo, begun early in his administration, entered a crucial period. Grant agreed to a tactical compromise: Rather than vote the controversial treaty down, C...

Volume 20 is the first in this acclaimed series to cover the months when Ulysses S. Grant held no military commission. As president, however, Grant's significance grew rather than diminished. His leadership and decisions touched directly or indirectly most people in the United States and many more around the globe.Grant spoke sincerely when he said that "I have done all I could to advance the best interests of the citizens of our country, with...

In the period covered by Volume 6 of this distinguished series, Grant again drove deep into the Confederacy, dis-playing an instinct for the offensive lacking in other chief commanders. But by the end of the year Confederate suc-cesses had forced Grant to abandon all ground he had won." It was, nevertheless, an important period in Grant's career. Command of the Army of the Tennessee brought Grant, a former slaveholder, into the heart of the Co...

In his third annual message to the nation, Ulysses S. Grant stated the obvious: "The condition of the Southern States is, unhappily, not such as all true patriotic citizens would like to see". Brutal attacks and political murders throughout the South prompted Grant to invoke the new Enforcement Act, ordering in troops and suspending the writ of habeas corpus.When fire swept through Chicago during 1871, Grant immediately telegraphed to General ...

During the winter of 1864-65, the end of the Civil War neared as Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant maintained pressure against the dying Confederacy. Major General William T. Sherman ripped through Georgia and presented Savannah to President Abraham Lincoln as a Christmas gift. Grant continued the long siege at Petersburg, pinning down General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. He held Lee in place while his armies demolished the Con...

In spite of his public silence, Grant was caught in the dispute between Congress and President Andrew Johnson. His position became intolerable after Johnson publicly accused Grant of dishonesty.The same sense of duty that sent Grant to war in 1861 gave him no alternative to accepting the Republican nomination. "I could back down without, as it seems to me, leaving the contest for power for the next four years between mere trading politicians, ...

On June 2, 1864, Ulysses S. Grant postponed until the following morning an assault on Confederate lines near Cold Harbor planned for that afternoon because of delays in positioning troops. In the meantime, Confederate forces strengthened their lines, and the assault became a slaughter that haunted Grant for the rest of his life. Thus began a summer of frustration for the general-in-chief of the US Army.

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Following the 1862-63 winter of dis-content, Grant suddenly launched a brilliant campaign against Vicksburg which ultimately bisected the Confeder-acy. A long campaign, which had begun in November 1862, with an advance from Tennessee down the Mississippi Central Railroad and a premature assault on Vicksburg in December by troops under Sherman, and which had been fol-lowed by long months of false starts and apparent inactivity in the bayou coun...

Covering the period of Shiloh to the prelude to Vicksburg, Volume 5 of this distinguished series converges on the many dramatic changes taking place in Grant's military career. The bloody two-day battle of Shiloh, the dominating event covered in this volume, shocked both North and South, caused public opinion to run against Grant, placed his career at a low point, and tested his will to remain in service. The period, therefore, is significant ...

On March 29, Grant opened the Ap-pomattox campaign, informing Sheridan that "I now feel like ending the matter." Despite pleas to cancel the offensive because of adverse weather, Grant pressed ahead. Sheridan won the battle of Five Forks on April 1, and the next day Grant overran Lee's lines at Petersburg, forcing the evacuation of Richmond. Grant's mastery was never more appar-ent than during his last battle. "I shall press the pursuit to the...

Volume 7 documents Grant's winter of discontent. In late December, his Mississippi Central campaign, an overland drive toward Vicksburg, was fatally dis-rupted by Confederate cavalry raids. Forced to withdraw northward, Grant could not apply pressure on the enemy when Major General William T. Sher-man attacked Vicksburg directly. Sher-man suffered a disastrous repulse at Chickasaw Bayou, and Grant pulled back to Memphis and, during the win-ter...

Ulysses S. Grant as symbol became as important in peace as he had been in war. The nation rewarded Grant with the rank of full general, the first U.S. officer to hold the rank since George Washington.Disliking politics, Grant sought to avoid the growing controversy over Reconstruction policy. Although he faced growing pressure to take a stand, he maintained public silence, firmly believing it wrong for an army officer "to take part in election...

v. 1. 1837-1861 -- v. 2. April-September 1861 -- v. 3. October 1, 1861-January 7, 1862 -- v. 4. January 8-March 31, 1862 -- v. 5. April 1-August 31, 1862 -- v. 6. September 1-December 8, 1862 -- v. 7. December 9, 1862-March 31, 1863 -- v. 8. April 1-July6, 1863 -- v. 9. July 7-December 31, 1863 -- v. 10. January 1-May 31, 1864 -- v. 11. June 1-August 15, 1864 -- v. 12. August 16-November 15, 1864 -- v. 13. November 16, 1864-February 20, 1865 -...