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Before the discovery of oil and the advent of Progressivism to Texas, the state dealt with prison overcrowding by leasing convicts and their labor to private industry and funneling the profits into the state's coffers. In this book, Donald R. Walker examines economic, social, and political aspects of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas that resulted in the leasing system and its eventual demise. Convict leasing resulted in high ...

In August, 1841, Thomas Gibbs and Gardner Coffin, two itinerant merchants traveling from the estates of the American South, arrived in the Republic of Texas and opened a small frontier general mercantile in the recently-established settlement of Huntsville. From that date to the present, members of the Gibbs family residing in Walker County have operated their business interests from the same location across from the courthouse square. The mer...