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In the last 100 years there have been three major influenza pandemics: Spanish Flu in 1918, Asian Flu in 1957 and Hong Kong Flu in 1968. These claimed the lives of approximately 50 million, 2 million and 1 million people respectively. Added to this is the annual death toll of 250, 000 to 500, 000 people worldwide with a further 3 to 4 million people suffering severe illness. These statistics make influenza an extremely important pathogen. In 1...

Influenza viruses are important pathogens responsible for flu epidemics and pandemics. The socio-economic impact of seasonal flu is very significant and the rapid rate of virus evolution necessitates the development of new vaccines every year. Another major challenge is the emergence of novel strains that are highly pathogenic for humans. Examples include H7N9 and H5N1 (emerged from birds) which have mortality rates of up to 30% and 60%, respe...

Over the last few years, the advances in electronics, telecommunications and computer science have enabled a new technology - wireless sensor network (WSN). The potential applications of WSN technology are abundant in the fields of healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, etc. Although WSN is a promising technology, there is still a great deal of additional research required before it finally becomes a mature technology. This ...