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Periodontology, also known as periodontics, is a dental specialty that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. Some of the key aspects of periodontology and periodontics include the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases, periodontal surgery and treatment of gum recession. A few of ...

Pediatric dentistry, also known as pedodontics, is a branch of dentistry that focuses on the dental care and oral health of infants, children and adolescents. One of the major aspects of pediatric dentistry is the monitoring of the growth and development of the teeth and jaws of children. This involves the evaluation of the eruption of primary teeth and the development of permanent teeth, as well as the identification of any orthodontic abnorm...

The gland in the body which produces the hormones that regulate the utilization of energy by the body is known as the thyroid gland. The disorders related to this gland may lead to the production of too less of this hormone or too much, which can result in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism respectively. This in turn can cause symptoms such as weight loss, weight gain, irritability and fatigue. Some of the other disorders of the thyroid gland a...

Fungal infections are diseases that are caused by fungus. They can affect the skin, nails, and lungs. Various types of fungal infections have been divided into three categories, namely superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic fungal infections. Subcutaneous fungal infections usually affect tissues beneath the skin, whereas systemic fungal infections can affect organs such as the lungs, eyes, liver, and brain. Some of the major fungal infections...

Dentistry is an important branch of healthcare that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of issues related to oral health. One of the primary aspects of dentistry is preventive care. Regular dental check-ups, cleanings, and oral examinations help in detecting early signs of dental problems such as tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer. Restorative dentistry is another fundamental aspect of the field. It involves repairing and ...

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of conditions affecting the face, jaws, mouth and neck. Some of the key procedures which are undertaken within this area of medicine are orthognathic surgery, management of facial trauma and the extraction of impacted teeth. Orthognathic surgery aims to correct severe abnormalities of the jaw and facial structures, includin...

Nephrology is an area of medical science that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and management of various kidney diseases and disorders. Some common kidney diseases and conditions treated under nephrology include chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and kidney stones. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Acute kidney injury refers to the sudden and temporary ...

Heart diseases refer to conditions that affect the heart, its vessels, muscles, valves, or internal electric pathways responsible for muscular contraction. Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease and it may lead to chest pain, stroke, or heart attack. Other major heart diseases include irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), endocarditis, congestive heart failure, and congenital heart disease. High blood pressure, poor die...

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders related to the eyes and visual system. It seeks to provide medical and surgical care for a wide range of eye conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment. Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions which are characterized by damage to the optic nerve, and it is often associated with increased intraocul...

The medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases is known as ophthalmology. The surgical sub-specialty within this field is known as ophthalmic surgery. It involves the surgical procedures performed on the eyes or its surrounding structures to correct various eye conditions and improve visual function. Some of the common types of ophthalmic surgeries are cataract surgery, refractive surgery and retinal surgery....

Obstetrics and gynecology is a medical specialty that seeks to provide medical care and support to women throughout the different stages of their reproductive lives. It focuses on two primary areas, obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum issues. It encompasses prenatal care, monitoring the health of the mother and the developing fetus, managing and addressing any complications that may arise duri...

Neurology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system. Some of the diagnostic approaches which are used within this field are neuroimaging, electrophysiological tests and genetic testing. Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans help in visualizing the structure and function of t...

The branch of medicine which deals with the causes, diagnosis and treatment of various kidney diseases and disorders is known as nephrology. Some of the prominent causes of kidney diseases are kidney stones, diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis and polycystic kidney disease. There are various treatment approaches which are used within this field such as medications, dialysis and kidney transplantation. Medications can be used to manage t...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) refers to a condition that causes abdominal pain and bowel changes. The common symptoms of IBS include changes in bowel movements, bloating, stomach cramps, and frequent diarrhea or constipation. In menstruating women, IBS symptoms may be even worsen. People with IBS usually have a lower pain tolerance. The precise cause of IBS is unknown. Some of the factors that seem to play a role include severe infections, in...

Heart diseases, also called cardiac diseases, refer to conditions that affect the heart. The most common types of heart diseases include atherosclerosis, congenital heart defects, heart infections, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease (CAD), and cardiomyopathy. The major causes of heart disease include genetics, medications, lifestyle, infections, and other diseases. Lifestyle habits like smoking, and medical conditions like high blood pressure...

Geriatric dentistry, also known as geriodontics or geriatric oral health, is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on providing dental care to older adults. It focuses on addressing the unique oral health challenges and dental conditions which affect people as they grow older. Some important aspects of geriatric dentistry are oral health assessment, denture care and treatment of dental diseases. Oral health assessment involves the exam...

The organs involved in digestion, such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas together make up the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract are conducted within a medical specialty known as gastroenterology. Some of the diseases and disorders which are treated within this field are peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome a...

Endocrinology is an area of medical science that focuses on the study and treatment of disorders related to the endocrine system. The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones, which are essential for regulating various bodily functions. There can be several causes of endocrine disorders. They can arise from hormone-producing glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, pancreas, or the ovaries and testes. The ...

The endocrine system consists of various glands in the body that produce hormones, including the thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland. The field of oncology that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancers related to the endocrine system is known as endocrine oncology. Cancers that develop in these glands or involve the production of hormones are referred to as endocrine tumors or endocrine neoplasms. Some ...

The area of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and conditions affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes is known as dermatology. A few of the common skin diseases which are treated within this field are eczema, psoriasis and dermatitis. Eczema refers to a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to itchy, red, and dry skin. Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, s...