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In an original defense of armchair philosophy, Michael Strevens seeks to restore philosophy to its traditional position as an essential part of the quest for knowledge, by reshaping debates about the nature of philosophical thinking. His approach explores experimental philosophy's methodological implications and the cognitive science of concepts.

Prostitute, apostle, evangelist-the conversion of Mary Magdalene from sinner to saint is one of the Christianity's most compelling stories. Less appreciated is the critical role the Magdalene played in remaking modern Christianity. Margaret Arnold shows that the Magdalene inspired devotees eager to find new ways to relate to God and the Church.

Americans widely believe that the U.S. Constitution was almost wholly created when it was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788. Jonathan Gienapp recovers the unknown story of the Constitution's second creation in the decade after its adoption-a story with explosive implications for current debates over constitutional originalism and interpretation.

Drawing on the writings of critics and philosophers and on the comments of poets and novelists who have pointed to the role of the ear in writing and reading, Angela Leighton offers a reconsideration of literature as an exercise in hearing things, and renews a call for criticism that is creatively attentive to sound's work in every literary text.

If literary impressionism is anything, it is the project to turn prose into vision. But vision of what? Michael Fried argues that the impressionists compelled readers not only to see what was described and narrated but also to see writing itself: the upward-facing page, pen and ink, the written script, the act of inscription.

The widespread belief that Spain and Morocco are joined through their Andalusi past¿from a time when Christians, Muslims, and Jews "coexisted¿ in medieval Iberia¿actually arose in the 1800s, as Spain's justification for colonizing Morocco. Eric Calderwood shows how a piece of Spanish propaganda gradually became a tenet of Moroccan nationalism.

World Inequality Report 2018" is the most authoritative and up-to-date account of global trends in inequality. Researched, compiled, and written by a team of the world's leading economists of inequality, it presents - with unrivaled clarity and depth - information and analysis that will be vital to policy makers and scholars everywhere. Inequality has taken center stage in public debate as the wealthiest people in most parts of the world have ...

Cryptology, the science of ciphers and codes, and philology, the study of languages, are typically understood as separate domains. But Brian Lennon contends that computing's humanistic applications, no less than its technical ones, are marked by the priorities of security and military institutions devoted to fighting wars and decoding intelligence.

Richard Fallon offers theories of constitutional law and judicial legitimacy that accept many tenets of legal realism but reject its corrosive cynicism. Based on an ideal of good faith, his account both illuminates current practice and prescribes urgently needed responses to a legitimacy crisis in which the Supreme Court is increasingly enmeshed.

Joel Cabrita tells the story of Zionism, which began in a utopian community near Chicago in 1900. Its faith-healing spiritualism, uplifting pan-racialism, and missionary zeal resonated with marginalized urban working-class whites and blacks in both the United States and Southern Africa. Today Zionism is Southern Africa's largest religious movement.

Edyta Bojanowska uses Ivan Goncharov's gripping travelogue-a bestseller in nineteenth-century Russia-as a unique eyewitness account of empire in action. Slow to be integrated into the standard narrative on European imperialism, Russia emerges here as an assertive empire eager to emulate European powers and determined to define Russia against them.

Based on quantitative comparisons of colleges since the 1970s, Charles Clotfelter reveals that despite the civil rights revolution, billions spent on financial aid, and the commitment of colleges to greater equality, stratification in higher education has grown starker. He explains why undergraduate education¿unequal in 1970¿is even more so today.

Russians from all walks of life joyously celebrated the end of Nicholas II's monarchy, but one year later, amid widespread civil strife and lawlessness, a fearful citizenry stayed out of sight. Tsuyoshi Hasegawa offers a new perspective on Russia's revolutionary year through the lens of violent crime and its devastating effect on ordinary people.

Southern bus boycotts and lunch counter sit-ins were famous acts of civil disobedience but were also demands for jobs in the very services being denied blacks. Gavin Wright shows that the civil rights struggle was of economic benefit to all parties: the wages of southern blacks increased dramatically but not at the expense of southern whites.

In a probing biography of her native land, Ayesha Jalal provides a unique insider's assessment of how the nuclear-armed Muslim nation of Pakistan evolved into a country besieged by military domination and militant religious extremism, and explains why its dilemmas weigh so heavily on prospects for peace in the region.

For 2, 500 years literature has been condemned in the name of authority, truth, morality and society. But in making explicit what a society expects from literature, anti-literary discourse paradoxically asserts the validity of what it wishes to deny. The threat to literature's continued existence, William Marx writes, is not hatred but indifference.

In 1863 black communities owned less than 1 percent of total U.S. wealth. Today that number has barely budged. Mehrsa Baradaran pursues this wealth gap by focusing on black banks. She challenges the myth that black banking is the solution to the racial wealth gap and argues that black communities can never accumulate wealth in a segregated economy.

To reveal Al Qaeda's inner workings, Kepel and his collaborators have collected and brilliantly annotated key texts of the major figures from whom the movement has drawn its beliefs and direction. The resulting volume offers an unprecedented glimpse into the assumptions of the salafist jihadists who have reshaped contemporary political life.

Even before the emergence of the civil rights movement, African American religion and progressive politics were assumed to be inextricably intertwined. Savage counters this assumption with the story of a highly diversified religious community whose debates over engagement in the struggle for racial equality were as vigorous as they were persistent.

The Marble Faun mingles fable with fact in a mysterious tale of American artists liberated from New England mores in Rome. Hawthorne's novel is ultimately less about freedom than its costs. The John Harvard Library edition reproduces the authoritative text of The Marble Faun in The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne.