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This book is an extremely detailed account of all aspects of macromolecular mechanochemistry and will be of great interest to all experts in this area of rapidly advancing mechanochemistry. Mechanochemical transformations are the subject of increasing attention in solid state chemistry, physics and materials science as well as in development of advanced technologies. They have been discussed at a number of symposia on mechanochemistry and mech...

The English-Spanish Dictionary of Plant Biology has been written to fill a need for increased communication between English and Spanish speaking people who are working in or are being affected by the many sub-fields of plant biology. Its general purpose is to aid, stimulate, and facilitate a two-way flow of information and understanding between the peoples of North, South, and Central America in an era of economic and environmental interdepend...

The machinability of powder metallurgy steels is poorer compared with wrought steels of appropriate composition and/or mechanical [properties. The reason for it is a larger number of material and processing variables affecting the final properties of a sintered material. Therefore the machining of powder metallurgy (PM) steels is a permanent subject of investigation and practice. The aim of the book is to make on the basis of present knowledg...

In this comprehensive book, the authors present the results of investigations of the mechanical strength of bonding diamonds to metals and alloys and describe the application of the results in fabrication of diamond tools and in brazing of diamonds. General problems of bonding, wetting and contact interaction between diamonds and metal metals are discussed. Special attention is given to the effect of diffusion processes at the interface, the c...

Without understanding the nature and mechanisms of anelasticity and the effect of various factors on internal friction, it is difficult to solve the problems of using internal friction measurement for evaluating the structural stability of alloys, cyclic microplasticity and for better understanding the processes associated with the response of materials to single or repeated loading. The author presents important new results for the relations...

Special attention in the monograph is given to the effect of the type and concentration of impurity and alloying elements, and also phase changes on the mechanisms of buildup of radiation defects and damage to metallic materials under radiation. The accurate description of these processes is based on the considerations regarding the interaction of radiation point defects with each other and dissolved elements, the diffusion of point defects an...

The main feature of thermomechanical treatment is that the plastic deformation of the initial austenitic matrix and the formation of its controlled structural and mechanical state with subsequent heat treatment, phase transformation, are linked. This link makes it possible to utilize the hardening or refining of the grains of the initial austenitic matrix and also utilize the structural modification of the products of phase transformation of a...

The book addresses many problems of ion exchange processes in LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and KTiOPO4 ferroelectrics and II-VI semiconductor single crystals for integrated optics applications. The authors start with the fundamentals of ion exchange processes in solids (Chapter 1). Chapter 1 can be considered also as an enlarged introduction to the book. Starting with Chapter 2, the general properties of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals, the methods used to study...

In the monograph, the authors discuss systematically the current state of investigations into nanocrystalline materials. The experimental results on the effect of the nanocrystalline state on the microstructure and the mechanical, thermophysical, optical, and magnetic properties of metals, alloys and solid-phase compounds are generalised. Special attention is given to the main methods of production of isolated nanoparticles, ultrafine powders ...

An approach to the quantitative analysis of the effect of the chemical structure of linear and network polymers on their properties is described. The approach is based on the representation of the repeat unit of the polymer in the form of a set of anharmonic oscillators which describe the thermal motion of atoms in the field of intra- and intermolecular forces, including weak dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen and valency ...

Volume 1 of a two-volume work publishes studies of scientific from a number of countries in the area of plasma torch design and properties. Topics covered include mathematical modelling of transformer discharge, physical phenomena in a hollow cathode, modelling of electric arc plasma, problems of turbulent arc modelling, erosion of multiarc cathodes, integrated methods of research of processes in thermal plasma, trends in thermal plasma techno...

From the initial laboratory successes in 1968, the process of mechanical alloying has been developed into a well-controlled production operation over the years, and applied to develop varieties of materials. Being a new field, there is a wealth of recent scientific literature available but all information is scattered. This book tries to address this problem and is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates and material scientists and engineers wh...

Lithium niobate crystals have a number of unique properties. Lithium niobate is at the same time a ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and has high nonlinearly optical and electro-optical coefficients and photorefractive sensitivity. These properties enable these crystals to be used widely in optical and acoustic devices, and photorefractive sensitivity, enhanced by doping with transitional metals, offers new possibilities of using lit...

The authors examine the processes of interaction of coherent radiation with solids, physical relationships governing lasing in dielectric crystals and glasses, activated by luminescent impurities. Solid-state lasers on crystals and glass are used most extensively in science and technology, because of their compact form, durability and a number of unique radiation parameters. To widen the range of application of solid-state lasers, it is necess...

This book offers a practical way to apply a methodology derived from cognitive ergonomics and brain research for assessing work stressors: the Occupational Stress Index (OSI), originally developed by the author. To do so, some basic information is first presented about how the brain receives and handles information: the aversions and affinities of the human nervous system in relation to the environment. Two divergent trends in occupational psy...

In our contemporary era, two dominant theories in physics exist, and often clash. Einstein's relativity theory is based on strict determinism, while quantum theory is strictly indeterministic. While Einstein recognized the value of quantum theory, he maintained that it is incomplete, and that the Old One upstairs does not play dice with the world. David Z. Rich's work is a new theory in physics, based on information theory, utility theory, and...

The present text sets itself in relief to other titles on the subject in that it addresses the means and methodologies versus a narrow specific-task oriented approach. Concepts and their developments which evolved to meet the changing needs of applications are addressed. This approach provides the reader with a general tool-box to apply to their specific needs. Two important tools are presented: dimensional analysis and the similarity analysis...

This current updated and expanded (this is an up-dated English translation of Prof. Khlopov's book "Osnovy kosmomikrofiziki", URSS, 2004) text reflects the large number of scientific advances, both theoretical and experimental, within the discipline of cosmic particle physics in the last 10 years. Some of the topics that have been added or updated include but are not limited to: HND or CMD+HND scenarios being implemented into sterile neutrino ...

The book describes the current state of knowledge of the martensitic transformations. The following problems are investigated: the classification of martensitic transformations, the kinetic and structural special features of thermoelastic and non-thermoelastic transformations, crystallography of these transformations, the structure mobility of interphase boundaries during martensitic transformation, thermodynamics and kinetics of martensitic t...

This work in three parts presents a summary of the sintered manganese steel properties from 1948 to 2011 involving processing conditions and other characteristics. In the first and third part are given results attained by the authors based on their finding that manganese (cheapest element) during sintering evaporates and by this the vapour cleans the sintering atmospheres from humidity. The second part  presents other positive properties of ma...