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Anthony Trollope (1815-1882) was one of the most successful, prolific and respected English novelists of the Victorian era. He wrote penetrating novels on political, social, and gender issues and conflicts of his day. In 1867 Trollope left his position in the British Post Office to run for Parliament as a Liberal candidate in 1868. After he lost, he concentrated entirely on his literary career. While continuing to produce novels rapidly, he al...

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), widely known as F. W. Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. A management consultant in his later years, he is sometimes called "the father of scientific management. " He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era. In 1874, he became an apprentice patternmak...

Thomas Troward (1847-1916) authored many books that are considered classics in the New Thought Movement, Mind Sciences, and Mystic Christianity. Influences on his writings include the teachings of Christ, Islamic, Hindu, Buddhism Teachings and more. Troward was the author of several successful books including: The Edinburgh Lectures on Mental Science (1909) and The Doré Lectures on Mental Science (1909). His writings on what was then called "M...

George MacDonald (1824-1905) was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister. Though no longer well known, his works (particularly his fairy tales and fantasy novels) have inspired admiration in such notables as W. H. Auden, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Madeleine L'Engle. C. S. Lewis wrote that he regarded MacDonald as his "master". Even Mark Twain, who initially detested MacDonald, became friends with him, and there is some evidence that Twain w...

Will Allen Dromgoole (1860-1934) was an author and poet born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. She was graduated from the Clarksville female academy, Tennessee in 1876, studied law with her father. She also studied at the New England School of Expression in Boston. In 1883 she was appointed assistant engrossing clerk of the Tennessee House of Representatives and in 1885 she was elected as engrossing clerk of the state senate. Dromgoole wrote over 7,...

Gildas' principal work, De Excidio Britanniae, is a sermon in three parts condemning the acts of his contemporaries, both secular and religious. The only substantial source for post-Roman British history, it is of great value to the study of this period of history. The first part consists of Gildas' explanation for his work and a brief narrative of Roman Britain from its conquest under the principate to Gildas' time. He describes the doings of...

Joseph Jacobs (1854-1916) was a literary and Jewish historian. He was a writer for the Jewish Encyclopaedia and a notable folklorist, creating several noteworthy collections of fairy tales. He was secretary of the Society of Hebrew Literature from 1878 to 1884, and in 1882 came into prominence as the writer of a series of articles in The Times on the persecution of the Jews in Russia. This led to the formation of the mansion house fund and com...

Mrs. Charles, Catherine Grace Frances Gore, nee Moody (1799-1861) was a British novelist and dramatist. She is amongst the well-known of the silver fork writers - authors of the Victorian era depicting the gentility and etiquette of high society. Her first novel Theresa Marchment, or, The Maid of Honour was published in 1824. Her first major success was Pin Money, published in 1831, but her most popular and well-known novel was to be Cecil, or...

David Ricardo (1772-1823) was an English political economist, often credited with systematizing economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists. He was also a member of Parliament, businessman, financier and speculator. Perhaps his most important contribution was the theory of comparative advantage. He became interested in economics after reading Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1799. Ricardo's work with the sto...

Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) was a German painter, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation. His watercolours mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of tha...

Mary Robinson, nee Darby (1757-1800) was an English poet and novelist. During her lifetime she was known as 'the English Sappho'. She was also known for her role as Perdita (heroine of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale) in 1779 and as the first public mistress of George IV. After seeing her as Perdita, and declaring himself enraptured with her, the Prince of Wales, offered Mary Robinson twenty thousand pounds to become his mistress. However, he ...

Mary Robinson, nee Darby (1757-1800) was an English poet and novelist. During her lifetime she was known as 'the English Sappho'. She was also known for her role as Perdita (heroine of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale) in 1779 and as the first public mistress of George IV. After seeing her as Perdita, and declaring himself enraptured with her, the Prince of Wales, offered Mary Robinson twenty thousand pounds to become his mistress. However, he ...

Johann Kaspar Schmidt (1806-1856), better known as Max Stirner (the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, in German 'Stirn'), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary grandfathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism. In 1842 his first work, Das Unwahre Prinzip Unserer Erziehung (The False Principle of...

Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM (1860-1937), more commonly known as J. M. Barrie, was a Scottish novelist and dramatist. He is best known for inventing the character of Peter Pan, whom he based on his friends, the Llewelyn Davies boys. Barrie's first novels were set in Kirriemuir, Scotland, which he referred to as "Thrums" (his father worked as a weaver). His Thrums novels were hugely successful when they were published, including Au...

George William Septimus Piesse (1820-1882) was a British author, chemist and optician. His most well known work, The Art of Perfumery (1857), contains detailed descriptions of the methods of obtaining odors of plants, instructions for the manufacture of perfumes for the handkerchief, scented powders, odorous vinegars, dentifrices, pomatums, cosmetiques and perfumed soaps. His other works include Chymical, Natural, and Physical Magic (1859) and...

Eliza Parsons, nee Phelp, (1739-1811) was an English gothic novelist. She was born in Plymouth to a comfortable middle class family and moved to London when her husband's turpentine business was affected by the American War of Independence. The family's fortunes were further debilitated by a warehouse fire and when he died in 1790, Eliza was left alone with eight children. She turned to novel writing to support her large family and produced 19...

Claude Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850) was a French classical liberal theorist, political economist, and member of the French assembly. He was born in Bayonne, Aquitaine, France. When he was nine years old, he was orphaned and became a ward of his father's parents. At age seventeen he left school to become more involved with his family's business as an exporter. When he was twenty-five, his grandfather and benefactor died, leaving the young man t...

Il est bien entendu que, dans cette collection, il n'est en aucune facon question de systemes ni de theories. Dans chaque branche physiologique, sociale ou naturelle, ont ete releves avec soin les faits curieux qui se recommandent a l'attention par leur etrangete. Le present volume traite des peines corporelles: nous avons dû commencer par les prisons, et nous n'avons pas juge necessaire de remonter dans l'antiquite, attendu que cachots, cavea...

Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (1879-1933) was a Greenlandic polar explorer and anthropologist. He has been called the "father of Eskimology" and was the first to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sled. He remains well known in Greenland, Denmark and among Canadian Inuit. He went on his first expedition in 1902-1904, known as The Danish Literary Expedition to examine Inuit culture. After returning home he went on a lecture circuit and wrote The...

Canon Basilius Valentinus, also known under the Anglicized version of his name, Basil Valentine, was a 15th-century alchemist. So little is known about him that even his name cannot be corroborated, during the 18th century it was suggested that he was Johann Tholde. He wrote dozens of important publications on alchemy in Latin and German. They have been translated into many Western European languages, including English, French, and others. Rog...