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Paine (1871-1925) was an American journalist and author popular in the early 20th century who later held both elected and appointed government offices. At Yale he was on the football and rowing teams and covered athletics for a news syndicate. He graduated in 1894, after which he worked for the Philadelphia Press until 1901. He was involved in an escapade during the Cuban War of Independence which led to him being indited for piracy, necessita...

Muir (1838-1914), also known as 'John of the Mountains' and 'Father of the National Parks', was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosoper, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the US. His activism helped preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas, and the Sierra Club, which he co-founded in 1892, remains a prominent conservation organ...

Machen (1863-1947) was a Welsh mystic and author of the 1890s and early 20th century best known for his influential supernatural, fantasy and horror fiction. His novella The Great God Pan (1894) is considered a classic of horror with Stephen King claiming it to be "maybe the best ... in the English language, " and his WWI short story The Bowmen, widely read as fact, created the legend of The Angels of Mons. He first gained a literary reputatio...

Samuel Laing (1812-97) was a British railway administrator, politician, and writer on science and religion during the Victorian era. After graduating from St John's College, Cambridge in 1827 he was elected a fellow and remained as a coach before being called to the bar in 1837. After serving as private secretary to the President of the Board of Trade in 1842 he was made secretary to the railway department, retaining the post until 1847 by whi...

Guizot (1787-1874) was a French historian, orator and statesman who was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848. A conservative liberal who opposed the attempt by Charles X to usurp legislative power, he worked to sustain a constitutional monarchy following the July Revolution of 1830. He then served the 'citizen king' Louis Philippe as Minister of Education from 1832-37, ambassador to London, Foreign Minister from...

Guizot (1787-1874) was a French historian, orator and statesman who was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848. A conservative liberal who opposed the attempt by Charles X to usurp legislative power, he worked to sustain a constitutional monarchy following the July Revolution of 1830. He then served the 'citizen king' Louis Philippe as Minister of Education from 1832-37, ambassador to London, Foreign Minister from...

Kellogg Durland (1881-1911) was an American social worker and writer born in New York City. In1901 he worked for four months as a coal miner in Scotland to study mining conditions at first-hand, publishing Among the Fife Miners in 1904. From 1904-05 he became an assistant at University Settlement, New York, and went on to give lectures on events and conditions in Russia after spending a year in that country gathering information. His book The ...

Clark (1841-1915) was an American journalist, novelist and humorist, most of whose work appeared under the pen name Max Adeler. He was also known by the pseudonym John Quill. He served in the Union Army during the Civil War, after which he became a reporter on the Philadelphia Inquirer. Within two months he was promoted to editorial writer, later taking on the same position with the North American. His interest in economics led him to become e...

Björklund (1846-1903) was a Swedish writer on philosophical, social and scientific subjects. The son of a farmer, he studied at the University of Uppsala for several years, apparently without following any recognized course, eventually taking his BA in philosophy in 1878. He then went on to study philosophy and international law in Lund from 1879-80, and from 1885-90 conducted natural science studies at Stockholm University, making his home in...

Apollinaire (1880-1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish-Belarusian descent. He is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, and one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism, both terms he is credited with coining. His play The Breasts of Tiresias (1917) is one of the earliest Surrealist literary works. He worked as a journalist and art...

This travelogue, by the author of A Ride Through Palestine and The Seven Churches of Asia, describes a ride across the plains from Port Said, guided by a Bedouin Sheikh, stopping at Tiberias on Lake Galilee before journeying on to Damascus. The author gives an account of points of interest encountered en route, outlining their history. From Damascus, the journey continues into the Lebanon, taking in Baalbec and Beirut. First published in 1887,...

Mary Hunter Austin (1868-1934) was one of the early nature writers of the American Southwest. Her classic The Land of Little Rain (1903) describes the flora, fauna and people, as well as evoking the mysticism and spirituality, of the region between the High Sierra and the Mojave Desert of southern California. She was born in Carlinville, Illinois, the fourth of six children, and graduated from Blackburn College in 1888. Her family moved to Cal...

Samuel Longhorne Clemens (1835-1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer. His best known works include the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. After an...

Mannering (1862-1947) was a New Zealand banker, mountaineer and writer. He was born on a sheep station in North Canterbury and educated at Christ's College, Christchurch. At 15 he left school to work on the farm but soon decided the work didn't suit him, so in May 1878 he joined the Rangiora branch of the Union Bank of Australia, staying with the bank throughout his working life, and eventually becoming manager of several branches. Inspired by...

Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914) ws a US naval officer and historian who has been described as "the most important American strategist of the 19th century." His book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 (1890) won immediate recognition, particularly in Europe, and with its successor, The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire 1793-1812 (1892), made him world-famous. After studying at Columbia, Mahan entered t...

The Reverend Jacob Duché (1737-98) was a Rector of Christ Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the first chaplain to the Continental Congress. After graduating as valedictorian from the College of Philadelphia in 1757, where he had also been tutor of Greek and Latin, he studied briefly at Cambridge University before being ordained an Anglican clergyman by the Bishop of London and returning to the colonies. In 1759 he married Elizabeth Hop...

Mary Boykin Chesnut (nee Miller, 1823-86) was an American author noted for her Civil War diary in which she described the war from within the upper-class circles of Southern planter society she inhabited. She was married to a lawyer who served as a US senator and Confederate officer, and the Chesnuts were family friends of President Jefferson Davis and his wife Varina Howell. They had close ties to the Confederate government, with generals Joh...

Thomas Beer (1889-1940) was an American biographer, novelist, essayist, satirist, and author of short fiction. Born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, he graduated from Yale University in 1911 and went on to study law at Columbia. He practised law with his father from 1913-17 before serving in France during WWI. Whilst best known for his biographies of Stephen Crane (1923) and businessman and politician Mark Hanna (1929), and for his study of American m...

Muir (1838-1914), also known as 'John of the Mountains' and 'Father of the National Parks', was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosoper, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the US. His activism helped preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas, and the Sierra Club, which he co-founded in 1892, remains a prominent conservation organ...

Sydney De Loghe was the pen name used by Australian Sydney Loch when he published this fictionalised autobiography. He had served in the First A.I.F. in the Gallipoli Campaign and the original manuscript was written as an account of this service but by the time it was completed Loch had returned wounded and sick to Australia and was still in active service. With wartime censorship in effect in Australia, his publisher Henry Champion advised th...