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My mother began to write her memoirs at the age of eighty six. It all began when I told her about Grandma Moses' painting career and challenged her to do likewise. Never one to pass up a challenge, but not being able to paint, she decided to try her hand at writing. And so, every day, for a period of almost two years, after her household chores were completed (this included cooking for her family, house cleaning and gardening), she would set a...

Starachowice, on the Kamienna River, became an important mining and industrial center during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the interwar period, it annexed its ancient neighbor, Wierzbnik, forming the town ot Wierzbnik-Starachowice. Jews, who began settling here in the early 19th century, by 1935 made up 31% of a population of about 8000. During the 1930s, Jewish-owned factories produced flour, glass, ceramics, farm tools, iron, lumber, plywo...

On September 1, 1939, the dark clouds descending on Jews everywhere, especially on the Jews of Poland, quickly enveloped the Jews of Tishevits (as Jews called Tyszowce in Yiddish). Every Tishevits Jew was consumed with deathly fear by the question: Where to run to?" So it is recorded in this Yizkor book. At the outbreak of World War II, there were about 3, 800 Jews in Tyszowce. The German army occupied the town at the beginning of October 1939...

Kurenets and nearby Vileika are situated at a road junction and a railway that leads deep into Russia. Because of this significant location on a noteworthy geographic artery, the area has suffered from many foreign army invasions. According to local testimony, the Jewish community in Kurenets started in the late 17th century. The founders were Jews who fled the Spanish Inquisition and escaped to western Europe. After the Spanish Inquisition, w...

This book illustrates that the Jewish Community of Ottawa forms a tight web of interconnections, in which all the main families link to each other within two or three 'jumps'. Aside from adding to the knowledge base of the history of Jewish Ottawa, this publication presents a novel way of considering a genealogical web of interconnectivity, and can serve as a paradigm for other Jewish communities - and perhaps even other communities of similar...

Remarkable records and coincidences help tell and correct the story of a Balkan Sephardic family split between Ottoman Monastir (now Bitola, North Macedonia) and New York City. A son witnesses murder, seeks refuge at a French-Jewish school in Tunisia, emigrates to Canada, vanishes, and appears in New York. The father, a secular leader of a Jewish neighborhood under the Ottomans, remains in Macedonia, remarries, and raises a second family, whil...

In this deeply personal investigation, a trained historian unearths the journey of his father's family from a tiny shtetl in what was western Russia (then Poland and now Ukraine), to the thriving port of Baltimore. With little knowledge at the start, the author reaches back to the lives of his great-great grandparents in the 1860s and traces what became of each of their six children who settled with families in crowded East Baltimore. Drawing ...

The book follows two families, one a family of Italkim (Italian Jews) back to the 17th century and perhaps earlier, the other an Austro-Hungarian family dating back to 1875. It is a story of deep-rooted traditions, perseverance and rebirth. The author says that the book was written because, although her parents lived through horrific times, they never spoke of them. Growing up in Israel in the late fifties and early sixties, she learned at sch...

What I Remember About Stavisht The name of the town was spelled Stavisht. In Russian that means ponds, because the town was surrounded by ponds on three sides. More accurately, we should call them lakes, large wide lakes which teemed with delicious fish. There were carp, perch, and other kinds of fish which provided tasty meals for the holy Sabbath feasts. I shall never forget the Friday and Sabbath nights. Even though the town was quite small...

An epic record of the rise and eventual ruin of the Jewish Community of Biala Podlaska, this sweeping Yizkor Memorial Book traces the town's chaotic journey through history. Founded at the end of the 15th century in the Lithuanian state, it subsequently moved between Poland and Austria in the early 19th century, and finally shuttled between Russia, Germany and back to Poland in the years surrounding the World Wars. As early as 1621, there ...

In the northeast of Mazovia, once Greater-Poland, the town of Makow-Mazowiecki, county seat of Powiat, is set on the banks of the Orzysz river.A Jewish community was established in Maków in the middle of the 16th century and was subordinate to the kehilla in Ciechanów. The community owned a ritual bath, a synagogue and an old people's house, as well as a cemetery. In 1753, the Jewish community of Maków became independent.In the 19th century, M...

Yosl's childhood in Krynki wasn't idyllic. His family endured bitter poverty and forced and loveless marriages, his father was often absent.In this memoir of his childhood, Yosl describes everyday life in the shtetl, its inhabitants and their idiosyncrasies. Young, impressionable and headstrong, Yosl witnessed pivotal events within Judaism and the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. His first-hand accounts of the rise of the anti-ts...

Yedinitz, Bessarabia, compared to where we live today, was a small shtetl. Yet for us, it was a city. I can still see the streets and small lanes. Here is the small marketplace, the Torhovitse as we used to call it, where the peasants' fair used to take place. In the center was the church, whose bells, whenever they rang, would strike a feeling of fear in me. A few streets further away was the 'Patchova', a street where one simply took walks, ...

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In 1920, Jezierna (modern Ozerna, Ukraine), located between Ternopil' and Lviv, became part of the new Republic of Poland. Most Jews in the town made their living as merchants, artisans, and tradesmen: bakers, carpenters, locksmiths, and orchard keepers. Some sold flax, honey, or wheat. Many of the grain mills and oil presses were Jewish-owned. The community supported a large synagogue, study house, cheder, and a four-grade secular Jewish publ...

Hrubieszow was not an average community, and its members were not ordinary. Its common folks had Jewish hearts and a humanist sensibility and there was nothing that they did not establish and build. They breathed with the breath of Jewish life in Poland. Their heart beat with the heart of the Jewish people. They rejoiced in its successes and were saddened by its failures. They believed in, and fought for, a better tomorrow. They did not know t...

Krynki, located on an important route between Kraków and Grodno, had a significant Jewish presence since the 17th century. Josif Giel established a wool and flannel factory here in 1827, it was soon joined by other factories, including 14 leather tanneries and 8 leather works. By the end of the 19th century, Krynki had about 5, 000 inhabitants, 88-90% Jewish. The community had five synagogues, two Hasidic prayer houses, over a dozen cheders, ...

BEFORE WORLD WAR I, there were about 400 Jewish families in Krasnobród. To this we must add some tens of Jewish families living in the surrounding villages who were in every way like the Jews of the shtetl. Among them were scholars, Chasidim, and simple warm-hearted Jewish folk. They participated in shtetl society along with everyone else. Their children either studied in town, or they brought the best melamdim and teachers to them. All the fo...

Buried under the rubble of time, forgotten by the vicissitudes of history, lie two small towns, both shtetls that until recently have been lost to memory, especially to the memory of families who ended up in the English-speaking world. They were sister towns, no more than a mile apart, and their economies, cultures, institutions, and families were so intertwined with one another that some residents later hyphenated the town names, as if they w...

The renowned Yiddish poet and journalist, Daniel Charney, recounts his childhood in the shtetl of Dukor, Belarus, and his early teenage years in Minsk and Vilna. When Daniel was one his father died, and his mother was left to raise her daughter and five sons in poverty. Daniel, her youngest, also suffered since infancy from a chronic illness. Despite this, Daniel and his family flourished, and two of his brothers achieved great eminence. Shmue...