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Recent European Union policy discussions have again highlighted the urgent need for consistent recording and analysis of data relating to trafficking in human beings. Without such a framework, the EU's ability to assess the scale and nature of the problem and, consequently, to formulate effective policy responses is severely impaired. MONTRASEC - a model for monitoring trafficking in human beings, as well as sexually exploited and missing chil...

All EU Member States are party to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which is the principal treaty setting out the basic standards for suspects' procedural rights in criminal proceedings in the EU. However, divergent practices in different Member States have hitherto hindered mutual trust and confidence between them. In order to counter this obstacle, the European Commission - in its 2003 Green Paper on "Procedural Safeguards for ...

What is the purpose of a State if not to at least protect its citizens? It is a legitimate question, but does it necessarily have to manifest itself as an unwillingness of the State to accept non-public actors in the provision of security? This book constructs theoretical models of how States can cope with the increased interest in private security, provides a functional breakdown of "police services" as we understand the term now, and examine...

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The result of the second part of the project is a comprehensive Directory of civil society organisations working in the field of missing and sexually exploited children. The directory contains information on the mission, role, structure, practices and con

After the Internal Market and the Introduction of the Euro, the European Union is making the decisive steps towards the next large project on the way to European unification, which is European Defence. The recent Iraqi crisis has shown that a common Europ

This book presents the conclusions of a study, concerning the legal, politico-institutional and practical feasibility of an EU criminal records database. The November 2000 Mutual Recognition Plan called for such a study in view of the individualisation of sanctions by judges in the member states and the mutual recognition of disqualifications. The purpose is to find the best way the member states' competent authorities can be informed of an in...

In order to fight international crime, most EU Member States have systematically extended their territorial and extra-territorial claims of jurisdiction. As a consequence of this evolution, an increasing number of international crimes can be prosecuted in more than one State.Therefore, the question of whether a crime will be prosecuted has become subordinate to the question of which State is in the best position to prosecute. This phenomenon i...

From 23 to 26 January 2001 the incoming Belgian Presidency of the European Union organized an international conference on the strategies of the European Union and the United States in combating transnational organized crime. The conference gathered policy-makers, police and judicial authorities and other actors with a view to discussing important problems regarding the fight against organized crime. Apart from focusing on the European dimensio...

In 2001, the European Commission published its so-called Ports Package, a first attempt at developing a European policy for seaports. The Ports Package includes a Directive on Market Access to Port Services, which will influence the port industry thorough

Within the framework of the European Commission's Falcone programme, the Belgian Interdepartmental Residues Cell set up the BUFALAW- project for the study of the legislation and the organisation concerning the fight against the illegal use of growth promoters in stock farming in the Member States and candidate countries of the European Union. This book contains the results of the comparative study that was established by Ghent University, whic...

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This book is the outcome of a six-month research contract undertaken by Ghent University's Research Group Drug Policy, Criminal Policy and International Crime for the Belgian Minister of Justice. Since 1996 the Belgian Government has produced Annual Reports on Organised Crime, and while currently this takes the form of a typically descriptive situation report there has always been the intention to further develop the methodology underwriting t...

The last decades, changing societal phenomena concerning the drug problem influenced the national strategies and legal approaches of countries in a significant manner. Indeed, many European and other countries have developed a differentiated, multidisciplinary national drug policy.The pursuance of risk reduction strategies and the possible depenalisation of acts related to personal consumption remain controversial topics, though implemented in...

The right to equal treatment is undoubtedly one of the most fundamental human rights. As such, it can be found in international human rights treaties, in constitutions and in national legislation. In this book the principle of equality is analysed from di

The analysis of organised crime is of interest to academics, policymakers, and regulators.The approach taken is necessarily determined by the requirement for analysis and the available resources.This book is the outcome of a six-month research undertaken for the Belgian Gendarmerie, at Ghent University. It presents a methodology to measure the impact of organised crime in Belgium and its research design has been shaped primarily by the demands...

This book presents a professional course of action for penal investigations of tax fraud in Belgium. A penal tax fraud investigation is usually set up after a report from the Competent Tax Administration, although the police can also start an official investigation by making an official report. The essence of the penal investigation must necessarily concentrate on those essentials from which it can be discerned that the person or company in qu...

In the EU area of freedom, security, and justice, one of the main deficiencies is the lack of cross-country comparable data on crime and criminal justice. The importance of progress in this domain - especially in the context of the identification of best practices in the fight against crime - has been identified on several occasions. The main difficulty lies in the comparability of data or the guarantee that exchanged data is understood in the...

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