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Examining instances of problems affecting the Balkans and of state efforts to fix them, this volume considers issues like law and justice, centralization and provincial autonomy, taxation and land disputes, and the stresses of war. It offers a clearer picture of the forces of change at work during this era of transition.

The decades after 1750 saw the Ottoman empire undergo tremendous stresses that culminated in the first stirrings of nationalism among Christian subjects and an irrevocable commitment to reform by the Muslim state. By 1830, Serbs and Greeks had fought successfully for autonomy or independence, and Sultan Mahmud II had prepared the way for the Tanzimat by abolishing the Janissary Corps and other discredited institutions. In spite of the importan...

The author traces the historical and social aspects of eunuchs as he guides the reader through various lands and periods of human history. He demonstrates how eunuchs gave rise to a multiplicity of human behavioural patterns.

Osterhammel (History, U. of Constance) argues that the global mercantile expansion of the European powers of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries bears a marked resemblance to the political imperialism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Further, although there are some differences in scope and timing, the colonizers had similar aims and experiences. Instead, Osterhammel finds more significant the intentions and goals of the i...

This new and very important collection of essays reinterprets and updates the histo­ry of New York's Puerto Rican community and its leaders from the beginnings of the great migration in the 1940s to the present time. The collection also honors the mem­ory of the late Dr. Antonia Pantoja, who was perhaps the community's most impor­tant and influential activist and institution builder during this period. The book is organized in chronological or...

Conveys the essence of the confirmation hearing which turned into the remarkable seminar on constitutional law in the history of the US Senate.

Capoeira is a unique music-dance-sport-play activity created by African slaves in Brazil, and Candomblé is a hybrid religion combining Catholic and African beliefs and practices. The two are closely interconnected. Capoeira and Candomblé have for centuries made up a coherent form of Brazilian life, despite having been suppressed by the dominant cultures. But times have changed: nowadays Capoeira is popular with all classes in Brazil, and has s...

Presents Haiti, pearl of the Antilles, during the presidency of General Paul E (Bon Papa) Magloire (1950-56). This work gives us a balanced and unbiased history of Haiti of the period. Those who did not live in this period may be surprised to learn of the other Haiti, the beautiful bygone Haiti in which the future was full of promise.

In this volume, special emphasis is given to social history and the analysis of the spectrum of revolutionary change since Bolívar. This edition includes an entirely new section on Hugo Chávez, which also covers the challenges of globalization for Latin America and the current mass appeal of leftist leaders. Expanded and updated suggestions for further reading and viewing are included as well.

This collection of Cuban legends aims to bring readers the best of a time-honoured tradition of storytelling in Cuba. The tales are retold by a diverse group of Cuban literary figures, their stories embracing a broad spectrum of Cuban history from the remote past to the modern era.

Hildegard of Bingen's contemporaries called her "prophetissa teutonica, " honoring her philosophical writings and interpretation of the cosmos. Medievalists still consider her one of the leading mystics, and point to her active spiritual and artistic life in the twelfth century as the finest example of what a woman can achieve. She was praised for her natural gifts, her prophetic charisma, and her dynamic reforming disposition. The abbess Hild...

African-derived religions enrich all aspects of Cuba's social, cultural, and everyday life, and encompass all ethnic and social groups. This work discusses the roles of music and dance as forms of Cuban religious expression and describes the specific instruments and symbols they employ.

A study of the Arabic discourse on beauty. The author searched for her evidence in a wide variety of sources, such as the Qur'an, legal, religious and Sufi texts, chronicles, biographies, belle-lettres, literary criticism, and scientific, geographic and philosophical literature.

In January 1929, the reigning monarch of Afghanistan, Amir Aman Allah Khan, was driven from his capital by a former soldier turned outlaw. The uprising was a response to the ruler's attempts to modernize the tribal culture of Afghanistan. Kabul, then as now, was of considerable symbolic importance, and its loss sounded the death knell to the king's power and his reforms, much as the defeat of the Soviet-backed government in 1993 spelled the en...

The author presents a short history of a rather complex idea that began around the year 1800. Though the United States was often viewed by the people of Germany as a land of opportunity, a portion of the intelligentsia, with which this book is principally concerned, tended to see the U.S. as the home of greedy hypocrites estranged from and envious of all higher culture. From the beginning of the Romantic period and throughout all the turnings ...

Iranian and Ottoman travelers to Japan in the late nineteenth century found a model to admire-a culture that was beginning to take its place in the modern world without sacrificing its traditional culture. Their admiration was bolstered when Japan sunk the Russian Baltic fleet in 1905. This victory was celebrated across the Middle East, and dispelled the traditional colonial discourse of European supremacy. No longer, Japan had proven, did mod...

African-derived religions enrich all aspects of Cuba's social, cultural, and everyday life, and encompass all ethnic and social groups. Politics, art, and civil events such as weddings, funerals, festivals, and carnivals all possess distinctly Afro-Cuban characteristics. In this book, Miguel Barnet provides a concise guide to the various traditions and branches of Afro-Cuban religions, particularly the Regla de Ocha (Santeria) and the Regla de...

Offers the author's reflections on Capoeira and Candomblé, combining personal experiences with anecdotes, historical facts, and research as well as religious and philosophical interpretations, both Western and non-Western. The result is informative and entertaining, an analysis that allows readers to get a feeling, understanding, and even experience of the spirit of Capoeira and Candomblé.

A history of the Muslim countries. It begins with Rome and Persia and the pre-Islamic Bedouins and ends with the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols (1258), and Granada to the Christians (1492). The author seeks to unravel the motivations and influences that went into the making of Islamic history.

Hildegard of Bingen's contemporaries called her "prophetissa teutonica, " honoring her philosophical writings and interpretation of the cosmos. Medievalists still consider her one of the leading mystics, and point to her active spiritual and artistic life in the twelfth century as the finest example of what a woman can achieve. She was praised for her natural gifts, her prophetic charisma, and her dynamic reforming disposition. The abbess Hild...