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An increasing number of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have been equipped with polarimetric capabilities: ALOS and ALOS-2, Radarsat-2, TerraSAR-X, Envisat-ASAR, Sentinel-1a/b, etc. Future mission will still present this type of diversity: RCM, SAOCOM, Cosmo-Skymed 2nd generation or PAZ. Polarimetry allows sensitivity to the structural and geometric properties of the scene, making it possible a more accurate identification an...

Antimicrobial peptides are key defense molecules adopted by all life forms to prevent infection. They also have other beneficial effects such as boosting immune response, anticancer, and wound healing. The antiviral effects of antimicrobial peptides have laid the foundations for developing new agents to combat seasonal Flu, HIV-1, RSV, Zika, and Ebola. This eBook is constructed to systematically deal with antimicrobial peptides from a variety ...

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some species of filamentous fungi belonging to Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Claviceps and Alternaria genera. The biochemical significance of mycotoxins in fungal metabolism has not always been fully clarified, however, the main concern for mycotoxins is driven by the deleterious effects they can exert on human and animal health. Structurally, the mycotoxins currently known belong to heter...

In this book, conventional and new methods through which sustainability can be promoted in mathematics and science subjects are described and discussed. The aim of the book is to support teachers and teacher educators in their work, and to create a multi-sided view on sustainability, and on education for sustainable development. Curriculums and teaching approaches for the implementation of sustainability in schools and universities, especially...

Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) are a major contributor to ongoing coral loss on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, thereby jeopardizing productivity and biodiversity of these important marine ecosystems. Controlling outbreak populations of Acanthaster spp. is considered one of the most promising strategies to halt or reverse widespread declines in live coral cover. Effective management of crown-of-thorns starfish is, ...

This special issue compiles some of the latest state-of-the-art research works in the area of spatial audio and it serves as a good reference for both undergraduate and postgraduate students, and to researchers working in this exciting area of spatial audio.

Sustainability may be achieved through many different agents and institutions in society, including governments, new technologies, industries, and markets. In addition to these agents, consumers and households play a crucial role in the adoption of sustainable products and technologies. Additionally, households are responsible for substantial proportions of energy use and waste. In the European Union, the end use of total energy by households ...

With the recent advances in nanotechnology, plasma nanofabrication has become an exciting new niche because plasma-based approaches can deliver unique structures at the nanoscale that cannot be achieved by other techniques and/or in a more economical and environmentally friendly manner. Over the last decade, there have been exiting breakthroughs in the utilization of plasma processes in the fabrication of a rich diversity of nanomaterials and ...

In April 2000, Bill Joy, co-founder and chief scientist at Sun Microsystems published a controversial article entitled "Why the Future Does not Need Us." Joy called for a moratorium on research in three new technological fields-artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering. He noted that, while we were poised to make rapid technological advances in each of these areas, our understanding of the ethical questions these technol...

The present Special Issue proposes articles in the area of Additive Manufacturing with particular attention to the different employed technologies and the several possible applications. The main investigated technologies are the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). These methodologies, combined with the Computer Aided Design (CAD), provide important advantages. Numerical, analytical and experimental knowled...

The conditions for DNA replication are not ideal, owing to endogenous and exogenous replication stresses that lead to arrest of the replication fork. Arrested forks are among the most serious threats to genomic integrity because they can break or rearrange, leading to genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancers and aging-related disorders. This title, "DNA Replication Controls", presents series of new reviews and original research arti...

Dear Colleagues, The coordination chemistry of the s-block metals spans diverse fields, ranging from shielded coordination compounds over hydride to organometallic complexes for diverse applications. New developments pertain, not only to the lithium and magnesium chemistry with inspiring examples, such as heterobimetallic or heteroleptic complexes with special reactivity patterns, but the heavy s-block metals have progressively gained attentio...

Dietary fiber has long been recognized for its role in digestive function. However, currently there is scientific debate about definitions (descriptive and analytical), optimal intake, and essentiality in the human diet. Dietary fiber is a key substrate for bacterial metabolism in the colon, which makes research on dietary fiber an important issue that complements current interest in the gut microbiota. Dietary fiber is also important for prev...

The conditions for DNA replication are not ideal, owing to endogenous and exogenous replication stresses that lead to arrest of the replication fork. Arrested forks are among the most serious threats to genomic integrity because they can break or rearrange, leading to genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancers and aging-related disorders. This title, "DNA Replication Controls", presents series of new reviews and original research arti...

Topics have a clear focus on overall dietary patterns and health outcomes. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to: * Dietary patterns and chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health problems. * Dietary patterns and mortality * Dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes * Association between dietary patterns and cognition * The mechanisms linking dietary patterns and chronic diseases.

Topics have a clear focus on overall dietary patterns and health outcomes. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to: * Dietary patterns and chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health problems. * Dietary patterns and mortality * Dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes * Association between dietary patterns and cognition * The mechanisms linking dietary patterns and chronic diseases.

The Raspberry Pi Foundation aims to promote the teaching of Computer Science and released the first Raspberry Pi device in February 2012. It is often referred to as a Single Board Computer (SBC), meaning that it runs a full operating system and has sufficient peripherals to start execution without additional hardware.Although other Single Board Computers (SBC) existed before, the Raspberry Pi Foundation made the SBC accessible to almost anyone...

Infants are not just small adults, they have a complex set of nutrient requirements and interactions to account for the high metabolic rate, growth, immunological and cognitive development, etc. Each year there are 138 million births, including 30 million from the least developed countries, where health is most at risk. Nutrition during infancy establishes growth patterns and development which moderate short term and long term health and life ...

Retrotransposons are present in essentially all eukaryotic genomes and come in two basic flavors: those that are bracketed by long terminal repeats (LTRs) and share a common ancestor with retroviruses, and non-LTR retrotransposons that have a distinct lineage and remain transpositionally active in humans. Both types of retrotransposons replicate through an RNA intermediate, stably integrate into the host genome and have accumulated to a very h...

Energy storage can provide numerous beneficial services and cost savings within the electricity grid, especially when facing future challenges like renewable and electric vehicle (EV) integration. Public bodies, private companies and individuals are deploying storage facilities for several purposes, including arbitrage, grid support, renewable generation, and demand-side management. Storage deployment can therefore yield benefits like reduced ...