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An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a hardware component, application utility software or a combination of both types which includes monitoring a computer system associated with a specific network or computer systems for malevolent activity or policy discriminations. From the observation of IDS such detected activity or infiltration is typically reported earlier to a system administrator for further action. Bijone(2016) An IDS performs vari...

The freshwater resources are essential to sustain human life and economic development of the country as well. The present situation of freshwater crises is the result of the growing use and the depletion of the freshwater resources. The problem becomes much sever when it comes to tropical region countries due to heavy siltation. The systemic planning of water resources is the key to handle the consequences of water scarcity due to reservoir si...

India's three-stage nuclear power programme involves self sustaining Thorium closed fuel cycle based reactors. It has initiated design and development of the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR). AHWR is a 920 MW (thermal) capac- ity, heavy water moderated, boiling light water cooled in natural circulation, vertical pressure tube type nuclear reactor. It is fueled by (Th-233U)O2 pins and (Th-Pu)O2 pins and the reactivity is mainly controlled by...

Psychological and physical problems, academic difficulties, conflicts with family members and with peers, asthma, and chronic sinusitis [1]. The vocal cords, commonly known as the vocal cords, consist of two layers of mucous membranes that extend horizontally through the larynx. They vibrate and regulate the flow of air from the lungs during vocalization. The voice of each person is unique, not only due to the actual size and shape of the indi...

Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is a software development paradigm supporting the joint design of closely-related software products in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The starting point of a Software Product Line (SPL) is the scope, which defines all of the possible features of the products in the SPL. The scope is said to define the problem space of the SPL, describing the expectations and objectives of the product line. The ...

Since I have been in the IT industry for three years, managing a variety of IT projects in the United States, India, and Canada using testing methods for BI, ETL, and reporting applications is extremely difficult and complicated for the entire IT industry because of the large amount of historical data. Practically all the IT organizations today exceptionally rely upon information stream as a lot of data is made accessible for access and one ca...

Indian agriculture is at the nascent stages of adoption of Information and Commu- nication Technology (ICT) techniques for managing and improving farm output. ICT can prove to be bene¿cial for all farmers including small landholders, the most vulnerable to crop losses. With more than 40% of Indian population employed (di- rectly or indirectly) in it, agriculture is the most important part of Indian economy and crucial for India's growth. ICT t...

A ¿uid is a substance that deforms continuously under applied shear stress, regardless of size. Liquids and gases are collectively referred to as ¿uids. It cannot resist any shear force applied to it. This continuous deformation under the action of forces compels the ¿uid to ¿ow. Fluids such as gases and liquids in motion are generally referred to as ¿ow. Flow of ¿uid describes its behaviour and how they interact with their surrounding environ...

1. Introduction to Data Security The National-Institute-of-Standards-and-Technology ( NIST) explains term data-security as a way for "protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications)" [1] [2]. 1.1 Wireless networks are...

Cryptography is the science that studies various mathematical aspects of information security used to protect data that is communicated over an insecure channel or stored in an unprotected medium. As Rivest said, it "is about communication in the presence of an adversary" [1]. Though historical records indicate the usage of secret messages around 4000 years ago, cryptography, as we see it today, is just less than 100 years old. The military an...

Neutron is a subatomic particle that does not carry any electric charge and therefore does not ionize matter directly [l]. It is highly penetrating and traverses considerably large distances into matter without being detected. Unlike other radiations like alpha and beta particles, the detection of neutrons poses challenges as it mainly relies on the measurement of parameters of products generated in matter by secondary reactions, resulting eit...

As statistics become additional rife in society, the analysis space is antic- ipated to deal with an ever widening field of issues and conditions. Ancient biometric modalities and approaches area unit reaching a state of maturity, and their limits area unit clearly outlined. Since the requirements of a biometric computer user would possibly extend on the far side those limits, new modalities and techniques should address such consideration...

Multimedia is the display and combination of text, images, audio and video with link- ages and tools that allow people to access, cooperate, establish and interact with one another using a computer. To begin with, there should be a machine that can organise and convey what you see and hear. Multimedia contrasts with media that rely solely on computer displays, such as text or traditional written and hand-made content. Video could be captur...

Carbohydrates indicate to a group of organic compounds which includes C, O, and H generally in the form of 1: 2: 1 ratio and mainly comprises of cellulose, sugars, starch etc. Formerly, the carbohydrates are observed as hydrates of carbon and resemble to general formula (C.H2O) n. But the name of the group 'carbohydrates' occasionally found misleading because: (i) some organic compounds e.g., acetic acid (CH3COOH), formaldehyde (HCHO), inosito...

In the era of the internet, the sources of data collection are drastically increasing. It becomes a challenge to many organisations to manage these huge volume databases. All organisations collect the data from various resources very easily. The representation of data collected from various resources is not in similar format. It may be possible that all parameters of collected data are not useful for organization. An organisation may find few ...

Gifted children are national and global resources who have the potential to enrich us in multifaceted ways. They are generous and committed to ideas of justice and fairness towards their school, community and society. Gifted children grow into gifted adults who benefit their society through their gifts and abilities. They become scientists, doctors, lawyers, artists or pursue other professions with a positive impact. They tend to seek activiti...

In the Telecommunication field, a new technology called the Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects, devices, cars, structures, etc. and other items integrated with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, enabling these objects to collect and exchange information. IoT technology is the next major breakthrough in the technology industry, but with the big distinctio...

Scientometric approaches is measuring and mapping research activities and outputs, used to (i) track the temporal and spatial development of research fields and topics, (ii) assess the productivity and impact of researchers and research institutions, as well as (iii) study patterns in gender balance in academia, interdisciplinary, and peer review processes. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is the infectious disease cause...

Paddy fields have been used for cultivation over thousands of years. But these paddy fields don't care much for replenishing. It has degraded the quality and productivity of the plants, fruits, and also led to the depletion of the soils. This is a serious problem that can be solved by using proper farming and technology. Most of the farmers often used traditional farming technology such as sickle, plow, spade, weeder, weed, rake, and ax, etc. ...

Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Primarily, it is the gift of nature to the mankind. The consumption of energy is directly proportional to the progress of mankind. The current energy needs are, however, very much dependent on nuclear and fossil-fuel power [1, 2]. Nowadays, due to heavy industrialization, increase in population, present fossil fuels will not last more than few decades to supply the demand of electric power. Major so...