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There are 17 million small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union which play an important role in economic life. Within this subset, increasing recognition is being given to "new technology-based ftrms. " 1 In the literature, different defmitions have been put forward to describe the term new technology-based ftrm (Oakey et a11988, Roberts 1991, Autio 1995, Storey and Tether 1998). Common denominators include that the activi...

Model-based fuzzy control uses a given conventional or a fuzzy open loop of the plant under control in order to derive the set of fuzzy if-then rules constituting the corresponding fuzzy controller. Furthermore, of central interest are the consequent stability, performance, and robustness analysis of the resulting closed loop system involving a conventional model and a fuzzy controller, or a fuzzy model and a fuzzy controller. The major object...

Helmut Wagner University of Hagen, Feithstr. 140, D - 58084 Hagen In the last few years decisive methodological and thematic focal points which are important for practical economic policy have been developed in the theory of monetary and exchange rate policy. This book is concerned with these developments, their assessment and the open questions which have still not been solved. It is divided into four parts. The first part deals with central ...

These two volumes consIstmg of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday...

In the existing literature the intersection of agent technology with soft computing is a very recent and attractive issue. The book is devoted to a unifying perspective of this topic. In contains contributions by well-known authors whose expertise is universally recognized in these crossing areas. Particular emphasis is devoted to advanced research projects involved with Web-related technologies.Fundamental topics explored in this volume are: ...

Geometric properties and relations play central roles in the description and processing of spatial data. The properties and relations studied by mathematicians usually have precise definitions, but verbal descriptions often involve imprecisely defined concepts such as elongatedness or proximity. The methods used in soft computing provide a framework for formulating and manipulating such concepts. This volume contains eight papers on the soft d...

Simultaneous considerations of multiobjectiveness, fuzziness and block angular structures involved in the real-world decision making problems lead us to the new field of interactive multiobjective optimization for large scale programming problems under fuzziness. The aim of this book is to introduce the latest advances in the new field of interactive multiobjective optimization for large scale programming problems under fuzziness on the basis ...

Rough set approach to reasoning under uncertainty is based on inducing knowledge representation from data under constraints expressed by discernibility or, more generally, similarity of objects. Knowledge derived by this approach consists of reducts, decision or association rules, dependencies, templates, or classifiers. This monograph presents the state of the art of this area. The reader will find here a deep theoretical discussion of releva...

Intelligence systems. We perfonn routine tasks on a daily basis, as for example: . recognition of faces of persons (also faces not seen for many years), . identification of dangerous situations during car driving, . deciding to buy or sell stock, . reading hand-written symbols, . discriminating between vines made from Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah or Merlot grapes, and others. Human experts carry out the following: . diagnosing diseases, . localizing...

Many robotics researchers consider high-level vision algorithms (computational) too expensive for use in robot guidance. This book introduces the reader to an alternative approach to perception for autonomous, mobile robots. It explores how to apply methods of high-level computer vision and fuzzy logic to the guidance and control of the mobile robot. The book introduces a knowledge-based approach to vision modeling for robot guidance, where ad...

It is to demonstrate the enormous potential of the experimental method in economics by providing examples of how experimental economics can shed important new light on key issues of vital economic significance. The subject matter covers several areas of economics and demonstrates why and how experimental methodology can provide new insight. It should prove invaluable to all economists, but perhaps particularly those who are as yet unexposed to...

The chapter starts with a positioning of this dissertation in the marketing discipline. It then provides a comparison of the two most popular methods for studying consumer preferences/choices, namely conjoint analysis and discrete choice experiments. Chapter 1 continues with a description of the context of discrete choice experiments. Subsequently, the research problems and the objectives ofthis dissertation are discussed. The chapter conclude...

Fuzziology studies the fuzziness inherent in what we know about ourselves, the sources and nature of our experience, our thoughts and feelings, drives for understanding and urges to create and realise our potential. This kind of fuzziness is at the core of our existence, at the essence of our humanness. It affects any field of human activity, be it mathematical study of fuzzy equations and fuzzy integrals, engineering design and implementation...

Fact finding in judicial proceedings is a dynamic process. This collection of papers considers whether computational methods or other formal logical methods developed in disciplines such as artificial intelligence, decision theory, and probability theory can facilitate the study and management of dynamic evidentiary and inferential processes in litigation. The papers gathered here have several epicenters, including (i) the dynamics of judicial...

The book describes the application of soft computing techniques to modelling, simulation and control of non-linear dynamical systems. Hybrid intelligence systems, which integrate different techniques and mathematical models, are also presented. The book covers the basics of fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation, chaos and fractal theory. It also presents in detail different hybrid architectures for developing intelligent contr...

This book deals with aspects of the national innovation system of Belgium. It is the result of a study jointly undertaken by teams of the University of Antwerp (RUCA) and the Free University of Brussels (ULB) in the context of the OECD­ DSTI Working Group on Innovation and Technology Policy, which brought to­ gether specialists from most of the OECD countries in an effort to streamline and co-ordinate research on national innovation systems. T...

This volume contains articles accepted for presentation during The Intelligent Information Systems Symposium I1S'2000 which was held in Bystra, Poland, on June 12-16, 2000. This is ninth, in the order, symposium organized by the Institute of Computer Science of Polish Academy of Sciences and devoted to new trends in (broadly understood) Artificial Intelligence. The idea of organizing such meetings dates back to 1992. Our main in­ tention guide...

The subject of this book is the reasoning under uncertainty based on sta­ tistical evidence, where the word reasoning is taken to mean searching for arguments in favor or against particular hypotheses of interest. The kind of reasoning we are using is composed of two aspects. The first one is inspired from classical reasoning in formal logic, where deductions are made from a knowledge base of observed facts and formulas representing the domain...

Research results using some of the most advanced soft computing techniques in intelligent robotic systems are presented. The main purpose of this book is to show how the power of soft computing techniques can be exploited in intelligent robotic systems. The main emphasis is on control system for a mobile robot, behavior arbitration for a mobile robot, reinforcement learning of a robot, manipulation of a robot, collision avoidance and automatic...

European central bank policy is already taking place today in an informal way. It comprises, in short, European exchange rate management and interest rate policy decisions within and without the European Monetary System (EMS). A focal point of such policy actions are the money market operating targets of European Central Banks. Those central bank policies appear to be dominated, however, by the Deutsche Bundesbank. This has caused recurring cr...