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The primary purpose of this book is to present information about selected topics on the interactions and applications of fuzzy + neural. Most of the discussion centers around our own research in these areas. Fuzzy + neural can mean many things: (1) approximations between fuzzy systems and neu­ ral nets (Chapter 4), (2) building hybrid neural nets to equal fuzzy systems (Chapter 5), (3) using neura.l nets to solve fuzzy problems (Chapter 6), (4...

It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Lo...

This ambitious exposition by Malik and Mordeson on the fuzzification of discrete structures not only supplies a solid basic text on this key topic, but also serves as a viable tool for learning basic fuzzy set concepts "from the ground up" due to its unusual lucidity of exposition. While the entire presentation of this book is in a completely traditional setting, with all propositions and theorems provided totally rigorous proofs, the readabil...

Geometric properties and relations play central roles in the description and processing of spatial data. The properties and relations studied by mathematicians usually have precise definitions, but verbal descriptions often involve imprecisely defined concepts such as elongatedness or proximity. The methods used in soft computing provide a framework for formulating and manipulating such concepts. This volume contains eight papers on the soft d...

Climate technology becomes more and more relevant in international environmental policy negotiations. At the Kyoto conference binding emission reduction targets have been established for several regions of the world. The major challenge is how to realize these reduction goals with minimum costs without generating new distributional and social difficulties. The book analyses the macroeconomic structural and distributional impacts of greenhouse ...

Das vorliegende Werk will den heutigen Erkenntnisstand der Betriebswirt­ schaftslehre im Bereich der Industriellen Produktionswirtschaft vermitteln. 1m Mittelpunkt steht die systematische Behandlung technisch-wirtschaftli­ cher Fragestellungen. Die Erarbeitung von Losungsansiitzen erfolgt aus der Sicht des Controlling mit dem Ziel einer ergebnisorientierten Unter­ nehmungsfiihrung. Zahlreiche Beispiele stellen den Bezug zur Untemeh­ mungspraxi...

Institutions have both positive and negative effects on economic performance. The theoretical and empirical understanding of the roles played by institutions, norms and culture in the functioning of markets still is limited. This book contributes to a better understanding of the role played by institutions in economic life and to more balanced and better founded policy decisions related to the (re)structuring of industrial economies in respons...

A ruling party decides each of two periods on the level of public goods which it finances by means of taxation and internal debt. The debt has to be honoured by the government of the second period. Between the two periods elections take place, which may change the ruling party. The book analyzes the fiscal decision of the first government which aims to maximize the long run utility of its representative voter. Conditions under which the govern...

The book offers a selection of papers presented at the international symposium Intelligent Information Systems X held in Zakopane, Poland. The papers report on progress in theory and applications of broadly understood artificial intelligence, including machine learning, knowledge discovery, knowledge based systems and reasoning, intelligent statistical analysis and soft computing (i.e. fuzzy and rough sets, neural networks, evolutionary algori...

Since time immemorial, vision in general and images in particular have played an important and essential role in human life. Nowadays, the field of image processing also has numerous scientific, commercial, industrial and military applications. All these applications result from the interaction between fun­ damental scientific research on the one hand, and the development of new and high-standard technology on the other hand. Regarding the sci...

This book provides a synthesis of the energy-related results of the large scale project entitled "Climate Teclmology Strategy within Competitive Energy Markets" partly financed by the European Commission under the Non Nuclear Energy (JOULE III) EU-RTD programme (Contract JOS3-CT95-0008). Research in this project involved several organisations from almost all European Union member states, including: ICCS/NTUA (co-ordinator), CES/KULeuven, GRETA...

One aim of this book is to examine the causes of fluctuations in the mark/dollar, pound/dollar, and yen/dollar real exchange rates for the period 1972-1994 with quarterly data to determine appropriate policy recommendations to reduce these movements. A second aim is to investigate whether the three real exchange rates are covariance-stationary or not and to which extent they are covariance-stationary, respectively. These aims are reached by us...

Das Buch behandelt die Datenerhebung und -auswertung von klassifizierten (kategorialen) Merkmalen in Querschnitt- und Längsschnittstudien mit dem Schwerpunkt, Haupt- und Wechselwirkungseffekte für das Eintreten eines Zielereignisses zu modellieren und zu schätzen. Der wichtige Spezialfall einer binären Zielgröße liefert die Modelle der Risikoanalyse. Die Besonderheit des Buches liegt darin, daß der Zusammenhang zwischen zeitunabhängigen, kumul...

In the existing literature the intersection of agent technology with soft computing is a very recent and attractive issue. The book is devoted to a unifying perspective of this topic. In contains contributions by well-known authors whose expertise is universally recognized in these crossing areas. Particular emphasis is devoted to advanced research projects involved with Web-related technologies. Fundamental topics explored in this volume are:...

Mit der 11. Auflage dieses Lehrbuches liegt jetzt eine Neufassung vor. Beispielsweise wurde ein längerer Abschnitt über gewinnsteigernde Tippstrategien für das LOTTO "6 aus 49" eingefügt. Der Aufgabenteil enthält unter 34 Aufgaben mit Lösungen 9 neue Aufgaben. Der Umfang hat sich um 54 Seiten erweitert. Insgesamt aber wurde das bisherige Konzept beibehalten. Nicht-Mathematikern wird eine mathematisch saubere, aber soweit wie möglich von mathem...

Die vorliegende Studie befaßt sich in Hinblick auf die Europäische Währungsunion mit dem Zusammenhang von Wechselkursschwankungen, Außenhandel und der Arbeitsmarkt-Performance. Es wird erstmalig systematisch untersucht, welche Auswirkungen die Wechselkursvariabilität im europäischen Währungssystem auf die Höhe der Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit in Eu-Ländern hatte und wie sich die Schaffung der Währungsunion auf diesen "Kanal" auswirkt. Di...

Computational Intelligence with its roots in Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Evolutionary Algorithms has become an important research and application field in computer science in the last decade. Methodologies from these areas and combinations of them enable users from engineering, business, medicine and many more branches to capture and process vague, incomplete, uncertain and imprecise data and knowledge. Many algorithms and tools have been...

The book develops an integrated approach of competition policy analysis. Based on the assumption that the deterrence of anticompetitive behaviour is the fundamental aim of competition policy rules and their enforcement, three pivotal levels of such an integrated approach are identified: a fundamental level, a strategic level as well as an operational level. Subsequent to the development of the approach, it is applied to three traditional areas...

This study contributes to the economic discounting debate by examining the welfare and policy implications of distorted time preferences for private investments. The analysis is applied to the energy industry, where it is of particular importance. In the transition to low-carbon energy generation, distorted time preferences are shown to induce a further distortion, in addition to that from the emission externality. Its extent varies directly w...

This book deals with location problems. Location problems establish a set of facilities (resources) to minimize the cost of satisfying a set of demands (customers) with respect to a set of constraints. There are four components that describe location problems: customers, who are assumed to be already located at points or on routes, facilities that will be located, a space in which customers and facilities are located, and a metric that indicat...