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In his last novella, renowned Armenian novelist Raffi takes the reader to late antiquity Athens to introduce the Greco-Armenian philosopher, Prohaeresius. Little known to the modern world, Prohaeresius was among the most famed philosophers and orators of his day, with statues erected in his honor in Athens and Rome, and honors from the Byzantine court. Prohaeresius was also an illustrious and sought-after educator, teaching Saints Basil of Cae...

The History of the Aghuans by Movses Dasxuranc'i (Kaghankatvatsi) is a major source for the history of the indigenous Aghuan people of Caucasia from the earliest times to about A.D. 988. Aghuania comprised parts of modern Dagestan and Azerbaijan, Armenia's eastern neighbor. Its ancient peoples and their numerous languages were noted occasionally by classical Greek and Latin authors. Like the neighboring Armenians, the Aghuans were part of the ...

Ghazar P'arpec'i's History of the Armenians was written at the end of the fifth or beginning of the sixth century. The first book of this three-book work begins with information concerning the division of Armenia between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires (in 387), and describes the invention of the Armenian alphabet and the abolition of the monarchy in the Iranian-controlled eastern sector (428) to the death of Catholicos Sahak (439). Book II...

Sebeos' History is a seventh century document of special importance for the study of Armenia and the Middle East in the sixth-seventh centuries. It was during this period, when Iran and Byzantium were wrestling for control of the Armenian highlands, that Armenian culture became more individual, independent, and distinctively national. While Sebeos focuses his attention primarily on Armenia's lay and clerical naxarars (lords), he also provides ...

Ghewond's History covers the period from ca. 632 to 788 and includes descriptions of the Arab invasions of Armenia in the mid 7th century, the wars fought by the caliphate against Byzantium and the Khazars, the settlement of Arab tribes in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, and the overthrow of the Umayyads, as well as information on Arab tax policies, the status of the Armenian Church, and the Armenian and Arab nobilities. Almost nothing is known a...

Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle is a major source for the history of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Roughly three-quarters of the work consists of a summary of Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle which describes the period from 951 to 1136 and its continuation by Gregory the Priest, covering the period from 1136-1162. Given that Matthew's wrk has survived, by far the most important part of Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle is its original contribution, devote...

The Maxims and Wisdom of Khikar ("The Story of Ahiqar") is a masterpiece of ancient Assyrian literature. The story follows Khikar-the vizier of King Sennacherib of Assyria-who was famous for his wisdom in morality and politics. But he had a problem, in that he did not have a son to whom to pass down his wealth and wisdom. Taking his sister's son, Nathan, he raised him as his own and introduced him to Sennacherib as his own successor. The adult...

The History of the Armenians describes episodically and in epic style, events from the military, socio-cultural, and political life of fourth century Armenia. This work is perhaps the most problematical of the Armenian sources, and one of the most tantalizing. Controversy surrounds almost every aspect of this History: the format of the extant (versus the original) text, the author's identity, and where, in what language, and when it was writte...

Ghazar P'arpec'i's History of the Armenians was written at the end of the fifth or beginning of the sixth century. The first book of this three-book work begins with information concerning the division of Armenia between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires (in 387), and describes the invention of the Armenian alphabet and the abolition of the monarchy in the Iranian-controlled eastern sector (428) to the death of Catholicos Sahak (439). Book II...

Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle is a major source for the history of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Roughly three-quarters of the work consists of a summary of Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle which describes the period from 951 to 1136 and its continuation by Gregory the Priest, covering the period from 1136-1162. Given that Matthew's work has survived, by far the most important part of Smbat Sparapet'sChronicle is its original contribution, devote...

Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle is a valuable source for the history of the Near East in the 10th-12th centuries. Matthew's work describes the period from 952 to 1129. Appended to it is a continuation by Gregory the Priest, which describes events from 1137 to 1162. Western scholars have used the Chronicle primarily for its unique information on the Crusades. It contains, additionally, invaluable information on Byzantium, the Arabs, Seljuks, Pers...

The History of the Aghuans by Movses Dasxuranc'i (Kaghankatvatsi) is a major source for the history of the indigenous Aghuan people of Caucasia from the earliest times to about A.D. 988. Aghuania comprised parts of modern Dagestan and Azerbaijan, Armenia's eastern neighbor. Its ancient peoples and their numerous languages were noted occasionally by classical Greek and Latin authors. Like the neighboring Armenians, the Aghuans were part of the ...

The History of the Armenians describes episodically and in epic style, events from the military, socio-cultural, and political life of fourth century Armenia. This work is perhaps the most problematical of the Armenian sources, and one of the most tantalizing. Controversy surrounds almost every aspect of this History: the format of the extant (versus the original) text, the author's identity, and where, in what language, and when it was writte...

The History of Vartan and the Armenian War is one of the masterpieces of classic Armenian literature and a major source for the Battle of Avarayr, its antecedents and aftermath. The History covers the thirty-five year period from 428 to 464 AD in seven chapters. Volume 1 contains the first four chapters of the work, and covers the period from the fall of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (428 AD) to the antecedents of the Battle of Avarayr (450/4...

Aristakes Lastiverts'i was an eleventh century Armenian cleric and historian. His History was written between 1072 and 1079, and describes the events of 1000-1071, including information about Byzantine-Armenian relations, the Seljuk invasions, and the Tondrakian movement in the Armenian Church. The work opens with a poetic summary of the disasters befalling the Armenian people in the eleventh century. Subsequent chapters describe Byzantine att...

Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle is a valuable source for the history of the Near East in the 10th-12th centuries. Matthew's work describes the period from 952 to 1129. Appended to it is a continuation by Gregory the Priest, which describes events from 1137 to 1162. Western scholars have used the Chronicle primarily for its unique information on the Crusades. It contains, additionally, invaluable information on Byzantium, the Arabs, Seljuks, Pers...

The History of the Armenians describes episodically and in epic style, events from the military, socio-cultural, and political life of fourth century Armenia. This work is perhaps the most problematical of the Armenian sources, and one of the most tantalizing. Controversy surrounds almost every aspect of this History: the format of the extant (versus the original) text, the author's identity, and where, in what language, and when it was writte...

The first modern English translation of The History of the Tartars. The History of the Tartars first appeared in 1307 in the city of Poitiers. Book I is a geographical survey of fourteen countries of Asia and the Near East. Book II is a brief account of Muslim military history, including the rise of the Saljuqs and Khwarazmians. Book III describes the early history of the Mongols and Mongol warfare in the Middle East, Central Asia and the Cauc...

The History of the Aghuans by Movses Dasxuranc'i (Kaghankatvatsi) is a major source for the history of the indigenous Aghuan people of Caucasia from the earliest times to about A.D. 988. Aghuania comprised parts of modern Dagestan and Azerbaijan, Armenia's eastern neighbor. Its ancient peoples and their numerous languages were noted occasionally by classical Greek and Latin authors. Like the neighboring Armenians, the Aghuans were part of the ...

Ghewond's History covers the period from ca. 632 to 788 and includes descriptions of the Arab invasions of Armenia in the mid 7th century, the wars fought by the caliphate against Byzantium and the Khazars, the settlement of Arab tribes in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, and the overthrow of the Umayyads, as well as information on Arab tax policies, the status of the Armenian Church, and the Armenian and Arab nobilities.Almost nothing is known ab...