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A power converter is an electromechanical or electrical device that converts electrical energy from one form to a desired form. The power converter regulates the power supplied to the resistor through the use of a parallel DC-DC chopper and an unregulated rectifier. It regulates the power flow from an AC supply to the motor by properly controlling power semiconductor switches. The goal of power converter design is to increase efficiency. Contr...

Optical fibre is used as a medium to transmit the light signals from one place to another. Optical fibre communication is a communication method wherein the signal is transmitted in the form of light. The fibre wires are preferred over the copper wires for transmitting signals because they offer numerous advantages over electrical cables. Fibre wires have a large transmission capacity and incur only small losses. Additionally, they are also lo...

Biopolymers refer to the type of polymers created by living organisms. Biopolymer composites are biodegradable composites that are manufactured by reinforcing natural fibers derived from plant and animal sources with natural or synthetic biopolymers. Natural fiber in discontinuous phase is added to the biopolymer matrix in continuous phase to improve the tensile strength and stiffness of the manufactured composite. The goal of making this type...

The field of chemical process engineering is focused on the conversion of materials in the laboratory or on a large scale. It offers natural-scientific and mathematical knowledge to help create cost-effective, secure and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes. The main focus of chemical process engineering is to produce new types of materials through chemical reaction. The chemical processing industry is responsible for the chemical ...

Yeast are single celled microorganisms which are classified as fungi. They are crucial in food chains, and are significant in sulfur, carbon and nitrogen cycles. They also have critical environmental applications, including the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater and bioremediation. The usage of yeasts in biotechnological processes is increasing due to their varied properties. They are used for the production of metabolites and recombi...

Sport refers to a type of competitive physical activity or game that is primarily focused on the utilization, improvement or maintenance of physical abilities and skills. Sport psychology is a field of study which focuses on the intersection of mental well-being and physical activity. It involves the application of concepts from a variety of fields such as psychology, biomechanics, kinesiology and physiology. Exercise psychology is an area of ...

Chloroplast refers to a type of membrane-bound organelle that conducts photosynthesis in plant and algal cells. Chlorophyll is the photosynthetic pigment that absorbs the energy from sunlight. It then converts and stores this energy in the energy-storage molecules, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). There are various parts within the structure of chloroplast, which include membrane envelope, i...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of non-coding RNAs which play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. A vast range of miRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences in primary miRNAs, which are then processed into precursor miRNAs and then into mature miRNAs. The interaction of miRNAs with their target genes is dynamic and depends on a variety of factors including the abundance of miRNAs and target mRNAs, the affinity of miRNA-mRNA i...

Bioinformatics is the application of tools of computation and analysis for capturing and interpreting biological data. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence and computer science that has applications in multiple fields. Machine learning in bioinformatics involves the application of machine learning algorithms to bioinformatics such as proteomics, genomics, microarrays, evolution, text mining and systems biology. Genomics is a...

Aptamers are short sequences of artificial DNA or RNA that bind to specific target molecules such as peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, toxins, small molecules or live cells. In molecular biology, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a combinational chemistry technique used for generating oligonucleotides of either single-stranded DNA or RNA that specifically bind to a target ligand or ligands. Aptamers can be c...

Global logistics links key elements of the supply chain from a product's place of origin to its point of consumption, while ensuring effective and timely distribution of the commodities from producers to end consumers. It entails the preparation, packaging, and storage of commodities in distribution centers and other logistics real estate facilities. It also includes the transportation of goods by train, truck, plane or ship. A supply chain st...

A molecular beam is created when a gas expands from a higher pressure region to a lower pressure region through a small opening. It is used to directly measure uptake on a prepared surface as well as to provide information on the scattering of molecules from surfaces. These techniques have been widely employed to evaluate reactive and non-reactive uptake of radical and non-radical species on ice and water surfaces. The creation of the superson...

Nonlinear equations are those that do not form a straight line. They may form a bell curve, S-curve, or any other nonlinear shape on a graph. These equations have a variable slope and are more complicated as compared to linear equations. A nonlinear equation has a degree of two or greater than two, but not less than two. As the value of the degree increases, so does the curvature of the graph. In general, nonlinear equations cannot be solved a...

Food contains nutritional substances that are necessary for regulating vital processes as well as for the growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues. However, it can also transmit pathogens, which can cause illness or death in humans or other animals. The most common types of pathogens found in food are parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Food safety refers to a scientific technique that is used for storing, handling and preparing food...

Food and nutrition security (FNS) is attained when all individuals have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food at all times. The food should be sufficient to meet the dietary needs and food preferences of people. FNS can be ensured in an environment that promotes adequate sanitation, and health services and care. The framework of FNS is influenced by physical and temporal aspects. The physical determinant ...

Sustainable tourism development is a concept that is involved in the management of all resources in such a manner that the economic, social and aesthetic needs of tourists are fulfilled while maintaining the cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support systems of a tourist place. This approach can be used as an efficient strategy for increasing economic growth, alleviating poverty, creating jobs an...

Climate change refers to the long-term changes in weather patterns and temperature. These changes can be caused by natural processes, like variations in the solar cycle. The main cause of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil. Some of the prominent environmental impacts of climate change are the expansion of deserts and an increase in the frequency of wildfires. Climate change threatens people with wat...

The transition to adulthood is characterized by new roles and obligations in interconnected fields such as education, career and family formation. The transition from youth to adulthood leads to growing maturity, which comes with expectations that the individual would take responsibility of their self, make independent decisions and become self-sufficient. During this time, young individuals face a variety of prospects and challenges that can ...

Climate change refers to the shift in temperature over a prolonged period of time. The process of adjusting to the changes in climate is known as climate change adaptation. The actions taken to adapt to climate change can be categorized as either transformative or incremental. The former responds to climate change by trying to change the fundamental attributes of a system while the latter seeks to maintain the integrity of a system. One of the...

Heritage refers to the beliefs, traditions, achievements and other aspects belonging to the history of a group or country. It can be both intangible and tangible, and includes memories and ideas of recipes, dances, songs, languages and many other aspects of human identity and the manner in which they relate to archaeological sites and historical structures. As per UN General Assembly's 2030 Agenda, culture enables sustainable development throu...