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There are reasons to believe that Camilo Jose Cela knew perfectly well what he was doing as he wrote, between 1945 and 1950, «La colmena», a novel that would counterweight the positive image the Franco regime was striving to build. In his foreword to the first edition Cela justifies and describes his text as a «pale reflection ... a humble shadow of the daily, harsh, deep and painful reality.» His portrait of a sad and desperate Madrid immedia...

Vida de la Madre Ines de la Encarnacion is an autobiographical account authored in the seventeenth century by a Spanish beata, or lay holy woman, named Ines Lopez Melendez (1564-1634) who later became an Augustinian nun known as Ines de la Encarnacion. Her text is a representative example of the literary genre of women's spiritual autobiography according to the model established by the Libro de su vida (Book of her Life) by Teresa of Avila. Ma...

Lucía Jerez, the only novel written by José Martí (Cuba, 1853-1895) ranks among the first and most important novels of Hispanic American Modernism. This work, overlooked or trivialized by critics over theyears, today is considered a revolutionary narrtive because in it the writer experiments with techniques that pre-announce the XX Century Vanguard writiers, and even contemporary post-modernism texts. This is a novel built upon symbols, i...

Published in 1921, "Belarmino y Apolonio" probably is the best novel written by the Spanish Asturias-born writer Ramon Perez de Ayala, and certainly a most significant one among those published during the so-called Spanish culture Silver Age (1898-1936). According to the French hispanist critic Jean Cassou "Belarmino y Apolonio" should be considered one of the most important novels in Spanish literature, second only to "El Quijote". The novel ...

The compilation "La Habana Elegante. Segunda epoca. XV Anniversary (1998-2012). Julian del Casal (In Memoriam)" produced by prof. Francisco Moran offers a wide selection of memories, testimonies, and critical readings on Julian del Casal (Havana, 1863-1893), and of literary works inspired by his work and poetic figure that attest to the fascination that for already more than a century the poet of Nieve has exerted on Cuban and other Latin Amer...

Bodas de Sangre meant the definitive success -both of public and critique- for playwright Federico Garcia Lorca. As a playwright he succeeded at staging the great issues of his poetry, his symbols, images and ideas, while creating a dramatic performance that captivated the audiences of Spain, Europe and the Americas. With this play Lorca achieved his most cherished ambition: to reach the masses, to impassionate with his plays vast and differe...

In 1690, when Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez, penned by Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645-1700), was published in Mexico, Spain already seemed to be slipping irrevocably into decadence. At the same time, history marked the epochal hearkening of the leading Puerto Rican character-narrator whose name appears on the title, and of the well-known Mexican writer, mathematician, philosopher, and historian. Both were exemplary subjects of a new hybrid...

In the second part of his work Great Voyages (1591) the engraver, printer and publisher Theodor de Bry (1528-1598) evokes the adventures of a French Calvinist group that commanded by captain Jean Ribault and the explorer Rene Laudonniere attempted, between the years of 1562 and 1565, to settle in the Florida peninsula. The encounters with the Timucua indians, the intervention of the Spanish troops led by the first Spanish governor of Florida, ...

Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda (1814-1873) was born in Cuba and split her life between Spain and her native island. Author of original novels, short stories and drama, she wrote «Sab» (1836-1841), considered the first Cuban novel about slavery in the island. Within its plots and subplots «Sab» comprises a modern message, as Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda, a highly prized author during her active literary life, exposes and advocates for the prin...

Federico Garcia Lorca is the most popular and influential poet of the XXth Century Spanish literatures, and of his works, the poems gathered in «Poema del cante jondo» and «Romancero gitano» volumes are indeed the most popular. But Garcia Lorca was not only a poet but also displayed an attractive personality that made him a magnetic lecturer. Proof of this is the success that surrounded the many lectures and public readings he gave in his reg...

Los amores de Hortensia, that initiates the cycle of novels by Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera (1842-1909), owes some of its characters' attributes of extreme sensibility, beauty and intelligence to the longevity of Romanticism in Latin America during the nineteenth-century. Yet, the protagonist's search for independence, her intellectual superiority, and above all, her lucid understanding of the dynamics of gender and class within the asphyxiat...

El angel de Sodoma (The Angel from Sodom, 1927) is the first novel in Spanish on male homosexuality. Written by the Cuban-Spanish writer Alfonso Hernandez-Cata (1885-1940) it tells the tragic story of Jose-Maria, the protagonist, and his continuous struggle with his homosexual instincts. Not unlike the novel, the sexological science of the time thought that homosexuality was an illness and not a crime. The second edition of El angel de Sodoma ...

Uniquely precocious within the Hispanic fiction -published when author Ana Maria Matute was 22 years old- «Los Abel» reached the finals of the 1947 Nadal prize. It was positively received, due both to the prestige of the prize and the surprise created by the rising of this feminine youthful voice that continued the disruption created by Carmen Laforet's «Nada». However the canonical critique proved unable to fully appreciate the originality ...

Niebla is about the vicissitudes of Alberto Perez, a young, rich, introspective and orphan man, who one days awakens to the belief that he loves Eugenia, a young woman whom he casually walks by at the street. The irruption of what Augusto understands as love marks the start of the story, and is coincident with the moment in which the character feels that he is starting his real existence, as before this event he had lived in a lonely way, amid...

In 1908, Clorinda Matto de Turner (Peru 1852-Argentina 1909), a lifelong journalist, feminist and writer, traveled to Europe: Viaje de recreo (Pleasure trip) is her account of her vivid impressions. She was particularly interested in the education of women and in women's career opportunities, but she was also fascinated by the cultural differences between the West European countries. Her analysis and descriptions will fascinate anyone interest...

Within the historic events in the 1930's Spain, among whose most important outcome stands the triumph of the Spanish Second Republic (1931), Jose Diaz Fernandez released his book of essays, El Nuevo Romanticismo (The New Romanticism), a compendium of his observations on art, literature, feminism, liberalism, and politics, all five understood as parts of the vital and social processes. Besides being a panoramic scan of the issues that marked t...

José Eustasio Rivera lived in an era of major transformations that caused hesitation in the social and cultural parameters of everyday life. As an intellectual he possessed a reflexive attitude about the national problems and the political sectarianism. He also felt a great love for the nation as a result from seeing how the national territory was being disintegrated for diverse causes. Contradicted officially on the social accusations he had ...

This dictionary aims to include all the cultural data pertaining to the Argentine Republic, starting at the most remote times up to the present. With this work the author, French historian, ethnologist and Sorbonne University researcher Jean-Paul Duviols, proposes an alfabetically ordered list of names that make the foundations of the Argentine history, ethnology, and literature -including a necessarily brief analysis of the main works- and a...

Silvina Ocampo (1903-93), author of seven volumes of poetry and more than three hundred short stories, was a member of Argentina's Sur generation, the extraordinary group of writers who initiated Latin America's literary boom. Like her most distinguished contemporary, Jorge Luis Borges, Silvina Ocampo is known for her interest in the supernatural. In contrast to Borges, however, her characters are frequently women or little girls who challenge...

Eleodora (1887) and Las consecuencias (1889) conform a singular example within Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera's (1842- 1909) literary production, Though the usual critique tend to consider both as the same novel, because they share the same plot, there are manifold reasons to differentiate them, including their respective placements in different stages of the author's production. The former stands closer to the romantic drama, whilst the latte...