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High voltage engineering is the science of planning, testing and operating high voltage electrical devices, as well as designing insulation coordination to ensure the steady operation of the power network. It ensures that the consumers situated far from the power generation units have access to electrical energy. A higher voltage results in improved efficiency and reduces loss of electricity during transmission over long distances. High voltag...

Orthogonal polynomials are a family of polynomials, wherein any two different polynomials in the sequence are orthogonal to each other under some inner product. Classical orthogonal polynomials, Hermite polynomials, Laguerre polynomials, Jacobi polynomials, and Gegenbauer polynomials are a few examples of orthogonal polynomials. These polynomials are used for least square approximations of a function, difference equations, and Fourier series. ...

The Internet of things (IoT) refers to the physical objects equipped with software, sensors, processing ability, and other technologies. They communicate and share data with other systems and devices through the Internet or other communication networks. IoT has a wide variety of practical applications ranging from business IoT and consumer IoT to industrial and manufacturing IoT. 5G wireless networks can be utilized to connect a large number o...

Digital banking refers to a type of banking conducted through digital platforms, which eliminates the need of any paperwork such as demand drafts, cheques, or pay-in slips. It entails the digitization of maximum number of traditional banking operations, products, and procedures in order to serve consumers through online channels. The development of new products, services, financial instruments, markets, and institutions is referred to as finan...

Positive psychology studies positive human functioning and success at various levels, including cultural, biological, personal, institutional, relational and universal dimensions of life. It places importance on developing positive self-image and self-esteem. It also involves the use of psychological interventions, which help in developing a positive attitude towards life events, individual traits, and subjective experiences of individuals. Po...

Mathematical finance refers to a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the application of mathematics and mathematical modeling for solving financial problems and modeling financial markets. It is also known as quantitative finance and financial mathematics. The field combines tools from probability, statistics and stochastic processes with economic theory. There are various applications of mathematical finance, including risk managemen...

Extreme sports are those sports activities which are associated with a high degree of risk. Participants in such sports are exposed to an increased risk of accidents or mishaps, which may also lead to death. The examples of extreme sports include mountaineering at high levels, proximity flying, rope free climbing, extreme skiing, waterfall kayaking, and big wave surfing. The major reason for participants taking part in these sports is the adre...

Robotic systems are those systems, which interact with their surroundings using actuators, sensors and human interfaces, and provide intelligent services and information. Mechatronics is a superset of robotic technologies and is defined as an interdisciplinary branch of engineering, which combines concepts from various disciplines including electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and robotics. The model...

South America has a diverse linguistic heritage. Thousands of dialects and languages have been catalogued in this region, including all those that arose since the European invasion. The Arawakan language family, Macro-Ge and Carib, Chibchan, the Tupi-Guarani language family, Tucanoan, Quechuan and Panoan are some of the major language families in South America. The most widely spoken languages in South America include Portuguese, Guarani, Span...

Astrophysics is a branch of space science, wherein the laws of physics and chemistry are applied in order to understand the universe and its components. Spectral line shape refers to the shape of a feature observed in spectroscopy that represents an energy change in an ion, atom or molecule. The shapes and widths of spectral lines are effective instruments for absorbing and emitting gas diagnostics in various astrophysical objects. The absorpt...

Fluid flow refers to the motion of a fluid under the influence of various unbalanced forces. It primarily belongs to a branch of fluid mechanics that is typically concerned with the dynamics of fluids. Heat transfer is a field of thermal engineering that focuses on the consumption, exchange, generation and conversion of thermal energy among physical systems. It is divided into several mechanisms, including thermal radiation, thermal conduction...

Higher education refers to the tertiary education which leads to the award of an academic degree. It is provided through institutions such as colleges, universities, post-university schools and academies of study. The institutions of higher education may provide education or research facilities, or both. Higher level of education generally leads to better career opportunities as well as additional perks such as travel, healthcare and retiremen...

Sustainable tourism is a type of tourism that has more positive effects than negative effects on the environment. It encompasses providing a positive tourism experience while taking into account the considerations for environmental, economic and social issues. It focuses on three major areas, namely, improving tourist experiences, meeting the needs of host communities, and seeking to decrease the detrimental effects of tourism activities. Sust...

Mobile robots are automatic machines capable of moving without human intervention and performing certain actions. Mobile robotics is an emerging discipline of robotics and information technology that deals with the development of mobile robots. It is solution-oriented discipline, which involves the application of concepts from information technology, engineering science, artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences. Designing a mobile robot ...

An integral transform maps a function from its original function space onto another function space by integration in which some of the features of the original function could be easier to manipulate and characterize than in the original function space. The function which is transformed can be traced back to the original function generally, through the inverse transform. An integral transform traces an equation from the original domain in the o...

Information geometry refers to an interdisciplinary field that studies probability theory and statistics by using methods of differential geometry. It is a general framework of dual affine connected with Riemannian manifolds. Information geometry involves the study of decision-making by using geometry which also includes modeling-fitting and pattern matching. It offers a novel approach that can be applied in many fields including physical and ...

A shape-memory alloy (SMA) refers to a type of alloy that deforms when cold but returns to its pre-deformation shape on being heated. The parts made from SMA are lightweight and solid-state alternatives for traditional actuators, such as motor, and hydraulic and pneumatic based systems. They are also useful for creating hermetic joints in metal tubing. The two most common SMAs are nickel-titanium (NiTi) and copper-aluminium-nickel. SMAs can al...

Fluid dynamics is a branch of fluid mechanics, which describes the flow of fluids including gases and liquids. It focuses on the study of movements of fluids, including the interactions that occur when two fluids are exposed to one another. There are many subfields of fluid dynamics such as hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Fluid dynamics plays an important role in the study of ocean tides, plate tectonics, planet evolution, weather patterns and...

Asphalt refers to a semi solid or viscous liquid which is primarily used for road construction. It comprises hydrogen and carbon compounds along with minor proportion of sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is mixed with aggregate particles, such as stone, gravel and sand, for making asphalt concrete. Due to its high viscosity, asphalt needs to be heated before mixing with the aggregates. New technologies that could help in producing a consistently...

Corporate bankruptcy forecasting is a vast area of finance and accounting research that seeks to predict bankruptcy and various measures of financial distress in public firms. It is an important indicator, which assists the investors and policy makers in taking proactive measures to minimize the impact of bankruptcies. In modern economies, banks, retail investors, institutional investors and lenders keep searching for information that can fore...