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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Pugnochiuso, Italy, June 22-July 3, 1986

From the mysterious powers and forces peculiar to both individual and community that can turn our lives into either good or bad lives, I wish to point to two such powers being at the same time different in their own nature and yet closely related to each other: The powers that emerge from exemplary persons and leaders. Understood as basic to both sociology and the philosophy of history, it comes to us as no surprise that the problem of exempla...

With this book, Dr. Zivojnovic presents to the ophthalmic community the long awaited detailed report of his surgical concepts and operative techniques in the field of vitreoretinal surgery. It is fascinating to read how his concepts for the treatment of complicated retinal detachments evolved from the intra­ ocular use of silicone oil to a combination of vitreous surgery with silicone oil tamponade. The next step was surgical treatment of the ...

stufe oder Unterstufe im emporsteigenden Gang zur absoluten Er­ kenntnis gewinnen. Man kann sagen, daB das philosophisehe Interesse in vollbe­ wuBter Weise als leitendes Ziel das vor Augen hat, was sieh in jedem 5 rein theoretisehen Interesse als gleiehsam verborgene Tendenz be­ kundet: Die Tendenz auf vollkommene Erkenntnis liegt in allem rein theoretisehen Bestreben. a) Immerfort ftihlt es sieh fortgetrieben im Sinne mOgliehster Verdeutliehu...

This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi­ losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio­ biology (concerning the mental...

People who attended the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) entitled NEW THEORETICAL CONCEPTS FOR UNDERSTANDING ORGANIC REAC­ TIONS held at Sant Feliu de Gufxols on the Costa Brava of Spain had a unique experience. They have seen the evolution of the field from qualitative arguments through the generation of Potential Energy Surfaces (PES) to the use of PES in molecular dynamics. The excellent lectures that were dedicated to the various aspect...

Mathematics today is approaching a state of cnSIS. As the demands of science and society for mathematical literacy increase, the percentage of American college students intending to major in mathematics plummets and achievement scores of entering college students continue thelt unremit­ ting decline. As research in core mathematics reaches unprecedented heights of power and sophistication, the growth of diverse applied special­ ties threatens ...

The past two decades have seen an extraordinary growth of interest in the auditory mechanisms of a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. Investigations have ranged from auditory mechanisms in relatively simple animals where just a few cells are em­ ployed for detection of sound, to the highly complex detection and processing systems of man and the other mammals. Of particular significance to us has been the growing interest in general p...

Insects as a group occupy a middle ground in the biosphere between bacteria and viruses at one extreme, amphibians and mammals at the other. The size and gen­ eral nature of insects present special problems to the student of entomology. For example, many commercially available instruments are geared to measure in grams, while the forces commonly encountered in studying insects are in the mil­ ligram range. Therefore, techniques developed in th...

Waste heat from thermal power generation and waste minerals from domestic sewage are polluting rivers and coastal waters. It would thus be an important step forward if these pollutants could be made productive in aquaculture. The proposal to call a meeting of experts on Waste Heat and Nutrient-Loaded Efflu­ ents in Aquaculture came from Dr. Ole Devik. His proposal was accepted and sponsored by the Special Program Panel on Eco-Sciences, a subsi...

Ladies and Gentlemen, dear guests, It is my great pleasure and privilege to extend our heartiest wel­ come to you, the participants of this 33rd Nobel symposium. To those of you who have not attended a Nobel symposium before I would like just briefly to explain why Nobel's name is linked to this series of symposia. Alfred Nobel, who died in San Remo in 1896, donated the main part of his fortune to the promotion of in­ ternational science and c...

Volume two of this series is a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of microsporidian taxonomy. It is a supplement to volume one that deals with the biology of the microsporidia. Together, they provide the broadest possible coverage of this group of microorganisms that has received considerable attention because of their importance in invertebrate and vertebrate disease. Volume two contains the most complete published list of micro­ s...

Heart disease, despite recent improvements, continues to be the single most im­ portant cause of death and disability in the United States. It is estimated that the direct cost of medical care for cardiovascular disease is $6 billion dollars per year. Data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics reveal a dramatic de­ cline in deaths from cardiovascular disease in the United States (greater than 20% since 1968). This phenomenon ha...

The chapters making up this volume are not just a collection of parts which were more or less on the same topic and happened to be available for cobbling together. Instead, they were written especially for it. We had before us from the beginning the goal of creating a synthesis of interest to students of environmental adaptation, but adaptation broadly construed, and to one of the world's difficult environments-the boreal forest. This is anthr...

Polyploidy as a dramatic mutational event in the process of evolution has wide implications in nature and for the generation of new and improved crops. The three day Conference on POLYPLOIDY: BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE focused on three aspects of this natural phenomenon: the first emphasized the characteristics of polyploidy, the second described the occurrence of polyploidy among plants and animals, and the third considered past and future areas of...

The Advanced Study Institute on Fiber and Integrated Optics was held at Cargese from June 23 to July 7, 1978, at a time when both fields were undergoing a very rapid evolution. Fiber optics communications systems, in a multimode form, are moving out of laboratories and into practical use, and integrated optics is beginning to produce high performance, single-mode devices. In addition, the spin-off from the technological developments in both fi...

Michael Friedjung Though known since antiquity, novae are still poorly under­ stood and present many problems. There has tended to be a lack of communication between theoreticians and observers and between different schools of thought, in spite of the advances of recent years in certain directions (observations of ordinary novae at minimum and of dwarf novae, theory of the causes of the explosion, etc ... ). The meeting whose proceedings are c...

Interstellar matter is one of the most active fields of research in present-day astronomy. Observational information spans the full electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through rocket-ultraviolet, optical, infrared and millimeter to long radio waves. Results of research in physical chemistry find as much application as mathematical methods. Interstellar matter plays a leading role in studies of our Galaxy and of external galaxies, and cont...

The object of queueing theory (or the theory of mass service) is the investigation of stochastic processes of a special form which are called queueing (or service) processes in this book. Two approaches to the definition of these processes are possible depending on the direction of investigation. In accordance with this fact, the exposition of the subject can be broken up into two self-contained parts. The first of these forms the content of t...

BASIC Microcomputing and Biostatistics is designed as the first practical "how to" guide to both computer programming in BASIC and the statis­ tical data processing techniques needed to analyze experimental, clinical, and other numerical data. It provides a small vocabulary of essential com­ puter statements and shows how they are used to solve problems in the bio­ logical, physical, and medical sciences. No mathematical background be­ yond al...