This book traces the evolution of the Palestinian police and security forces, beginning with its historical antecedents in Lebanon and the Occupied Territories, and the formation of formal police organizations after the Oslo Accords until the outbreak of the second Intifada in September 2000. The history of the Palestinian police revolves around the fundamental question of how a national police force can be created and operated without the framework of an independent state. Offering a far more detailed and accurate account of the Palestinian police history, this study also provides unique insight into the problems and dilemmas of policing by non-state actors in war torn societies. The study traces the establishment and expansion of the Palestinian police and security forces with a focus on PLO efforts at recruiting, training, and expanding the force, its political context, institutional development, and dilemmas of 'non-state' policing in the context of the political-military conflict