Based on the findings of a multidisciplinary toxicology research program, this book explores improved methods of implementing countermeasures to biological and chemical terrorism. The authors focus on modeling, simulation, and visualization, agent detection, remediation, and therapeutic intervention strategies, sensors and personal protective devices, and environmental protection strategies. It draws heavily on the findings from research sponsored by the US Army, Institute of Environmental and Human Health and the Admiral Elmo Zumwalt Jr. National Program for Countermeasures to Biological and Chemical Threats. The book is appropriate for graduate level course and as a professional reference.