In this volume, non-state armed groups are considered as independent actors instead of only on state level. Given the increasingly important role of such actors, they are considered not only as military forces, their social, cultural, and economic roles are also inspected. Furthermore, online operations are examined, since online and offline activities are increasing merging. This provides a new look at the violent structures of contemporary societies, allowing us to approach recent global developments beyond securitized and essentialist worldviews.