Agricultural biotechnology or agrifood biotechnology is a field of agricultural science that includes the use of biological or chemical tools and processes used in the farm and in post-farming processes. It involves the use of different scientific tools and techniques, including genetics, breeding, microbiome research, synthetic chemistry and animal health. Genetics refers to the scientific study of heredity and genes. Genetic processes allow the transfer of useful characteristics from one plant to another by directly manipulating an organism's genetic material. Breeding is the science that focuses on changing plant traits to produce desired characteristics. Animal health comprises technologies that improve the quality of animal feed and animal health. It also consists of technologies that create novel animal feeds which can be used as primary or secondary food sources. This book provides significant information that helps in developing a good understanding of agri-food biotechnology. It can prove to be an essential guide for all those who are interested in this field.