Anesthesiology is a branch of medicine involved in the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after a surgical procedure. It is closely related to intensive care medicine that seeks to provide life support, resuscitation, invasive monitoring, and end-of-life care to critically ill patients. Anesthesiology within the domain of intensive care involves dealing with patients who are suffering from severe trauma or infections, as well as the patients recovering from a major surgery. It also involves assessing the patients in order to determine whether the patient will be able to survive the stress of the surgery and anesthesia. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of anesthesiology and intensive care medicine. It strives to provide a fair idea about the challenges and concerns associated with these fields. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets medical students and professionals.