Genetics is the study of genes, variation and heredity. The fundamental aspects of this discipline are trait inheritance and molecular inheritance. The study of animal genetics is concerned with the development of methodologies to improve the genetic makeup of domestic and farm animals for the purposes of increasing disease resistance and stimulating inheritance of desired characteristics. The study and enhancement of genomes of economically crucial animals is important in the modern scenario to maximize productivity. Humans depend on animals for a variety of products like meat, egg, milk, fur, leather, etc. This book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of animal genetics and its utmost significance in modern times. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.