Worldwide, approximately 500, 000 in vitro fertilization cycles are performed every year, and at least as many ovulation induction cycles, with or without intrauterine insemination. Although the best possible result is a healthy child, the technology carry a number of varying risks and complications leading to a trade-off between the efficacy of these treatments and their quality and safety. This book reviews the quality control and safety of major techniques in reproductive medicine, including their etiology, management, and prevention. It focuses heavily on multiple pregnancy as the major risk factor of ART.