AcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. The Safe Space: Malavoi's Nostalgic Songs of Childhood and Exile2. Creole, Zouk, and Identity in Kassav's Optimistic Songs3. More Than a Doudou: Women's Subversive Songs4. Cultural Politics and Black Resistance as Sites of Struggle5. Public Performance, Marketing Devices, and Audience Reception6. The Recontextualization of Urban Music7. A Deferential Space for the Drum: The Ambivalence of a Cultural VoiceEpilogueNotesBibliographyDiscographyList of InterviewsIndex