Highlights the current chasm between teacher education theories (praxeologies) and the actual experience of teaching (praxis). Many traditional teacher education programs emphasize teaching based on reflection and deliberation, yet, when a new teacher is in a unique situation, there is not always time to step back and look at it objectively. Through Roth's extensive experience as a teacher, he has learned that a teacher must live "in the heat of the moment, " but also develop room to maneuver in the moment. These skills come only by actually being in the classroom, working "at the elbow of" experienced teachers, and discussing the events of the day with other teachers.