Ancient Chinese inventions included gunpowder and printing, and the claim has also been made for a Chinese invention of golf. The evidence comes 15th century paintings and from Wan Jing, a manuscript written in 1282 CE describing the game of chui wan. Played with expensive clubs and balls, it was popular among the well-off, and also with ladies of the Royal Court. Play was towards a hole in the ground and there were hazards to avoid. Tournaments were organised which involved money stakes and complex rules. Play could be intense, and the psychology of winning is described. The many rules deal not only with play, but also refer to etiquette and gentlemanly behaviour. This is the first detailed analysis of the Chinese game and its relationship to modern golf is discussed, and a verdict given.