This book investigates how the Indian education system in the form of Vedic Schools and Buddhist Viharas has emerged out of the Hindu religious scriptures - Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads as well as the Buddhist scriptures - Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidamma and how it changed in response to the changing conditions in the contemporary society and how it contributed to the development of a glorious civilisation that has now become the proud Indian heritage. In the second part it examines how the establishment of Muslim rule in India led to its transformation with Persian overtones through introduction of a new system of education consisting of Maktabs, Madrashas, Mosques and Khanqahs. Based on Hindu and Buddhist religious scriptures as well as on contemporary Persian sources as available in English translations, the book highlights education as the creator and transformer of the civilisation in Ancient and Medieval India.