Excerpt from Communication to the Commissioners of the Central Park: Relative to the Improvement of the Sixth and Seventh Avenues, From the Central Park to the Harlem River, The Laying Out of the Island Above 155th Street, The Drive From 59th St. To 155th St., And Other Subjects

At about equal distances between the Harlem and Hudson rivers, a valley is formed between the two ranges of hills, commencing near the line of Fort Washington. This valley lies generally in a north easterly and southwesterly direction. Through it runs the King's Bridge road, now very irregular in its grades, and indirect in its lines. A small stream rises near the southern point of this valley, and running northeasterly finds tide-water at Sher man's creek. Several other rivulets dry in the sum mer, descend from the hills to the river on either side. At points on both sides of the valley, the cliffs rise abruptly and inaccessibly, the character of the rock being much the same as that seen on other parts of the island: primitive gneiss, mixed with granite, hornblende, slate, and mica. Near Kings bridge, the soil changes to a limestone, assuming the appearance of a whitish marble, which has been quarried to a considerable extent for building pur poses.

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