Underground cave systems have a unique fascination for explorers, with their soaring caverns, breath-taking formations, and potential for finding uncharted passageways. Illustrated throughout with stunning photographs and explanatory diagrams, "The Complete Caving Manual" is a comprehensive guide to safe, responsible caving for novices and experts alike. Topics covered include: how caves and cave formations develop, modern caving equipment, planning and preparation for a caving trip, party leadership, horizontal techniques, vertical techniques and rope work, dealing with emergencies, exploring underground, cave flora and fauna, and where to cave.