Defence inflation is a recurring factor in determining defence spending. It is widely reported in official government publications and in the trade press, but remains relatively neglected by defence and peace economists. In this book, international contributors distinguish between defence inflation and cost escalation, and identify the causes of both. They use specific case studies to address a wide variety of theoretical and empirical issues and key questions, including: does defence inflation affect all countries? What are its effects? Why does it occur? How (if at all) can it be controlled? This book was originally published as a special issue of Defence and Peace Economics.