This book describes Dr. Agarwal's work on development of recombination adult human hemoglobin to be utilized for artificial blood substitutes at the LA Tech University. The work was conducted with able guidance from Dr. Donald Haynie, PhD and Dr. Steven Jones, PhD within the Department of Biomedical Engineering. This book mainly elaborates on the molecular biology techniques like gene design and synthesis employing Polymerase Chain Reaction, cloning and protein expression of Adult Human Hemoglobin to be carried in bio-compatible nano-spheres using Layer by Layer Assembly, to function as a artificial blood substitutes.