Excerpt from Drying by Means of Air and Steam: Explanations, Formulæ and Tables for Use in Practice

The theoretical principles, upon which are based the methods for calculating the dimensions of apparatus for drying wet material by means of air, are to be found in part in a number of text-books on Heat. All the formulæ and instructions in these books are, however, not quite suitable for immediate application.

It would not be quite sufficient for the practical scientist merely to give formulæ, more or less convenient, by means of which he could calculate the desired values for each case. In drying by means of air, which continually undergoes rapid and considerable changes in temperature and moisture, the conditions for the same apparatus may be so different at different times that one calculation, on the basis of one set of conditions, is not sufficient. The calculations should rather be made for several limiting cases, a procedure which is laborious and lengthy.

It is much more convenient to find the necessary values already calculated in tables, especially since a consideration of tabulated results gives an idea of the changes due to varying conditions, which cannot be obtained from isolated calculations made at random. When the effect, caused by alterations in all the relevant factors can be recognised without trouble, the whole arrangement can be properly planned. This is the only method by which the desired end can be attained with certainty.

From a consideration of the conditions for drying by means of air it is an easy step to a consideration of drying without air by steam alone.

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