Nanoscience covers materials with at least one characteristic dimensions between 1-100 nm. Carbon nanomaterials represent an exciting new class of materials given their unique properties with several applications already in use and many more currently being researched. The unique properties of these materials have also led to another concern, their potential risks to biological systems. The research of carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerenes, is critical given the high production of these materials and their possible harmful ecological effects. This book, therefore, describes an investigation of the ecotoxicity and behavior of fullerenes in the aquatic environment, and presents a new method for analyzing fullerenes in aquatic organisms on the basis of which the ecotoxicological behaviors of fullerenes can be studied. This nanotoxicology study provides useful information to professionals in nanomaterials research and those who are currently conducting research related to nanotoxicology or want to start a new research project in this area.