El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate
GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts.

El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change.

Volume highlights include:
* Historical background and societal consequences of El Niño and La Niña (ENSO warm and cold phases)
* Review of key ENSO characteristics and dynamics
* Conceptual framework for understanding long-term ENSO changes
* ENSO impacts on fisheries, marine ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and extreme events
* Advances in paleo-reconstructions, computer modeling, seasonal forecasting, and future ENSO projections
* Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions

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