Referrals, suspensions, and expulsions of African American students, especially males, are at an all-time high. However, as this book shows, culturally determined assumptions and friction over communication have a role to play in this as well. This book is designed to make readers aware of how cultural factors relate to the ways that discipline is meted out. Administrators and teachers will gain an understanding of how culturally conditioned beliefs and assumptions negatively influence student-teacher relationships. Ultimately this book proposes a set of strategies in order to solve the problem of high frequency of disciplinary referrals.